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v THE 

HUMAN 
HEAD 







How to read the Human Head and Face. 



r> 



THE LIBRARY OF 
CONGRESS, 

Two Copies Received 

APR 8 1903 

Copyright fcntry 
CLASS OU XXO. 
COPY S 



[Xc. No. 



Copyrighted 1903, 

By 

FOSTER PUBLISHING CO., 

Detroit, Mich. 



^ 



PREFACE 

To be able to read from the human head and face the dispositions, 
talents, and peculiar characteristics manifested by man in social intercourse 
and in professional and commercial pursuits, is a science equal in importance 
to the prominent position to which evolution has elevated him in brain and 
mental development. To be able to read and understand the characteristics 
of men through a study of the head and face requires keen observation and 
a knowledge based upon the size and configuration of the head and contour 
of the face and understanding of the various temperaments. 

A profound study of human nature and brain functions discloses the 
reasons why certain forms and developments of the brain, as revealed in the 
contour of the head and the general physiognomy, manifest certain well- 
defined mental characteristics. There is no other subject containing as great 
and important elements as that embraced in the operation of the human 
mind. 

After more than twenty years of critical observation and experience 
in comparing the size, form, and quality of brain development with faculty, 
I have verified beyond doubt the discoveries of the brain centers or areas 
made by Drs. Gall, Spurzeheim, and George Combe in the latter half of the 
eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries ; and it is due to> these 
incontrovertible facts that character reading is a positive science, the abso- 
lute knowledge of which can be acquired by observation, induction, and 
study. 

The man who knows how to read human nature, how to stimulate the 
hidden springs of character and motive, and produce the desired responsive 
action, and address himself wisely and well to men, is better equipped for 
the struggles of life than any man is who> is not so trained. 

The object of this volume is to instruct those who would enjoy a more 
thorough knowledge of human nature and learn how to read character, as it 
is represented in the heads, faces, and. personal appearance of the individuals 
they meet in the daily walks of life, with an accuracy that is free from 
any doubt. 

H. ELLIS FOSTER. 

Detroit, Mich., March 10, 1903. 




H. ELLIS FOSTER. 




How to read the Human Head and Face* 



PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY, PHRENOLOGY AND 
PHYSIOGNOMY DEFINED. 



Physiology is the science that treats 
of the complex phenomena of sensation, 
motion and the functions of organisms. 

Anatomy is the science of the struc- 
tural relation of bone, muscle, brain 
and other tissues. 

Phrenology is the science that treats 
of the psychological phenomena of the 
functional powers of the brain. 

Physiognomy is the science that 
teaches how to read the mind as it is 
manifested in the facial expression of 
men and animals. 

Heredity and environment are the 
sculptors of the human head and face. 

Form, size and temperament are 
most influential primary factors in the 
physical and mental constitution of the 
human organism. 

Education stimulates and strength- 
ens the phrenological organs of the 
brain, and disciplines and trains the 
faculties of the mind. 

Culture is the refinement, polish and 
brilliancy of education. 



Now as these propositions are found- 
ed upon the constitution of man, and 
governed by the immutable laws of 
nature, the scientific study of human 
nature as taught by the doctrines of 
phrenology and physiognomy must 
necessarily be both interesting and 
transcendently important as factors in 
the development, education and culture 
of the human mind. 

Gall, Spurzheim and Combe, in the 
latter part of the eighteenth century, 
turned the search light of their scientific 
investigations in the direction of the 
functions of the brain. After hundreds 
and thousands of experiments and com- 
parisons with the form of the head and 
manifestations of the faculties of the 
mind, under the most favorable circum- 
stances, they discovered and demon- 
strated a chain of incontrovertible facts 
extending through every link, from the 
lowest to the highest form of brain de- 
velopment, which before had never been 
known to the scientific world. 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



They found in the functions of the 
brain the motor centers and hidden 
springs of human character and mo- 
tive; the truth of which they demon- 
strated by the relative position that 
man sustains as a distinct individuality 
in the scale of brain and mental evolu- 
tion, by a comparison with the lower 
grades of animals, and the value of 
their discovery they further demon- 
strated in its application to the descrip- 
tive analysis of character as represented 
in the form, size, quality and functional 
powers of the brain of men and ani- 
mals. 




Location of the organ of Self-esteem Illustrated. 



It has now long since become an es- 
tablished fact and should be universally 
accepted, that by an examination of the 
head that the different parts, or organs, 
of the brain can be determined and an 
accurate description given of their di- 
versified manifestations. 

The law of differentiation is nature's 
method of individualization; no two 
men are alike in form, temperament, or 
character ; every man has an individual- 
ity and personality peculiarly his own. 

Phrenology points out and explains 
these differences in form and faculty, 
and differentiated development between 
men and animals, and between man and 
man, as a process of natural law. It 
teaches us that intelligence advances as 
we ascend the scale from the simplest 
and lowest forms, such as represented 
in the snake, crocodile, etc., up through 
every link to the most complex brain 
development found in the vertebrate 



animals, which is represented in the 
human being of the most highly civil- 
ized races, thus conclusively demon- 
strating the corresponding relation of 
brain development and mental mani- 
festation. 

Phrenology further teaches that 
every faculty of the mind is manifested 
by means of a particular brain center or 
area called its organ, the size of which, 
other conditions being equal, is propor- 
tionate to its power of function. For 
illustration, it teaches that Self-Esteem 
is manifested by one organ or brain cen- 
ter, the location and size of which can 
be determined by drawing a line from 
the opening of the ear to the crown of 
the head, as illustrated in Fig. i, 
the function of which is self-confidence, 
self-respect, self-promotion, love of lib- 
erty, power, and leadership, an aspiring 
and self-ruling faculty. 

When abnormally developed, it mani- 
fests itself in the form of egotism, con- 
ceit, presumption, boldness, tyranny, 
and an imperious disposition. Observe 
its manifestation in the attitude of the 
man in whom it is large as he walks 
down the street, how he throws himself 
back with head in the air as much as to 
say, "Get out of the way, don't you see 
I am coming?" The man who is pos- 
sessed of an inordinate development of 
self-esteem is to himself the central 
figure around which all other men 
should revolve, and is intolerably offen- 
sive with his aggressive, obtrusive and 
commanding disposition. 

The religious egotist and fanatic who 
thinks he is fighting for God, when in 
reality he is only fighting for his own 
ambition and opinions, clearly illus- 
trates the abnormal and perverted mani- 
festation of this faculty. 

I have personally examined more 
than one hundred thousand heads in the 
past twenty-five years, and in that num- 
ber I have found many cases where the 
organ was inordinately developed, but 
there was not a single instance where 
the person examined thought he had 
too much self-esteem. It is the faculty 
that elevates a man so high in his own 
estimation that to him his own faults 
and imperfections are never visible. 



THE BRAIN CENTERS. 



Before advancing farther with the 
subject let us examine the fundamental 
principles of phrenology, and a few of 
the proofs which I may say here are as 
numerous as the heads of men, each 
head being a living witness of the in- 
controvertible array of facts in support 
of the science. Nature's methods of de- 
veloping and perfecting an organization 
are strictly on scientific lines, every or- 
gan is situated and adjusted to every 
other organ in such harmonious rela- 
tion as to produce the strongest and 
most perfect functional power. 



manifested by a special brain center, or 
brain area. 

Third — Size is the measure of pow- 
er, temperamental conditions being 
equal. This was at first strenuously 
denied, but is now recognized as sound 
physiological science by the physiolog- 
ists. 

Fourth — The intellect is situated in 
the frontal lobes of the brain, thus em- 
bracing the perceptive, semi-perceptive 
and reflective faculties. The moral, re- 
ligious and superstitious sentiments are 
located in the top head ; the back head 




Professor FERRIER'S Localization of Brain Centers. 



THE BRAIN THE ORGAN OF 
THE MIND. 



First — The brain is the organ of the 
mind, a fact which was strenuously de^ 
nied by even such men as John Stuart 
Mill, who wrote that, " Mental phenom- 
ena do not admit of being deduced from 
the physiological laws of our nervous 
organizations." 

Second — The brain is composed of a 
congeries of organs, or brain centers, 
each manifesting a psychological func- 
tion of its own. Until* within a recent 
period this was denied by physiologists, 
and they claimed that the brain acted 
as a single organ, manifesting every 
faculty of the mind with equal power 
and facility. Now, modern physiolog- 
ists admit that every primary facultv is 



is the location of the reproductive, do- 
mestic, affectionate and social instincts. 
The late Dr. W. B. Carpenter made the 
absurd claim that, "The back head was 
the probable seat of the intellect. ,, The 
side head, above and around the ears, 
is the location of the executive and sel- 
fish propensities. 

Fifth — The size and form of the 
brain determines the size and conforma- 
tion of the skull. This was one of the 
stock objections to phrenology which 
was thought to be sufficient evidence to 
obliterate even the possibility of a sci- 
ence of phrenology; but is now no 
longer recognized as a valid objection 
by physiologists. See Fig. 2. 

These five claims of Dr. Gall and his 
followers were long denied by physi- 
ologists ; but the general phrenological 
division of the brain is now admitted 



8 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



by almost all modern physiologists. 
Even the galvanic experimental physi- 
ologist has demonstrated, unintention- 
ally however, the claims of phrenology 
in his crude and inhuman experiments 
on the brains of different species of the 
animal kingdom, so far as his method 
and material permitted. Observe in 
Fig. 2. 

i. Center for movements of the op- 
posite leg and foot. 2, 3, 4, for com- 
plex movements of the arms and legs, 
as in swimming. 5, extension forward 
of the arm and hand. 6, supination of 
the hand and flexion of the forearm. 
7, 8, elevators and depressers of the an- 
gle of the mouth. 7, 10, movements of 
the lips and tongue. 11, retraction of 
the angle of the mouth. 12, movements 
of the eyes. 13, 13, vision. 14, hear- 
ing, a, b, c, movements of the wrists 
and fingers ; which is an illustration of 
Dr. Ferrier's topography of the brain, 
and in which the location of some of 
the various brain centers manifesting 
special mental phenomena, have been 
determined by the galvanic experimen- 
tal mutilator, and so far as he has been 
able to define the phenomena of these 
different brain centers they correspond 
to the phrenological localization. 

For illustration, observe in the facial 
angle, by beginning with Fig. 3, the 
different grades of brain development 
from the simple to the most complex. 



the lowest forms of brain development ; 
the face of which is almost on a parallel 
line with the back, or posterior part of 
the spinal column. 

Fig. 4. — Represents the head and 
face of the dog, the brain of which has 
developed enough to give an angle of 
45 degrees to the face. 





Fig. 5.— Elephant 



Fig. 6.— Chimpanzee 



Fig. 5. — Represents the head and 
face of the elephant, the brain of which 
gives an angle to the face of 90 de- 
grees of development over that of the 
snake. 

Fig. 6. — Represents the head and 
face of the ape, or chimpanzee, which 
gives a facial angle of 143 degrees. 



Snake 




Fig. 3- — Represents the head and 
face of the snake, which is one among 




Fig. 7.— Partial idiot Fig. 8.— Savage bushman 



Fig. 7. — Represents the head and 
face of the partial idiot, with an angle 
of 155 degrees to the face, which is only 
12 degrees more than is represented in 
that of the ape. 



GRADES OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT. 



Fig. 8. — Represents the head and 
face of the savage bushman, of whom 
the brain development gives an angle 
of 1 60 degrees to the face. 




Uncultivated 



Fig. 9. — Represents the head and 
face of the uncultivated, with a facial 
angle of 164 degrees. 




Fig. 10. — Improved 



Fig. 10. — Represents the head and 
face of the improved, and gives an an- 
gle to the face of 168 degrees. 




Fig. 11. — Civilized and educated. 



Fig. 11. — Represents the head and 
face of the educated and civilized, and 
gives an angle to the face of 172 de- 
grees. 




Fig. 12. — Culture, refinement 

Fig 12. — Represents the head and 
face of the educated, cultured and re- 
fined, which gives an angle of 176 de- 
grees to the face. 




Fig. 13.— Highest type "of the Caucasian race 

Fig. 13. — Represents the most per- 
fect type of the Caucasian race, with all 
the refinements of hereditary law, edu- 
cation and culture, which is the highest 
expression of the processes of evolu- 
tionary descent in the vertebrate ani- 
mal. 

The reader will observe, in the as- 
cending grades, beginning with the 
primates, or simplest forms of brain 
structure as represented in the snake, up 
to the most complex development of 
brain and psychic phenomena, the per- 
fect corresponding relation from the 
lowest animal instinct to the highest 
psychic effort of the most perfect hu- 
man brain. Therefore, comparative 
anatomy demonstrates beyond the pos- 
sibility of doubt, that the brain of even- 
animal manifests mental power in ex- 
act proportion to its size, form, quality 
and the stimulating influences of en- 
vironment. 



10 



HOW TO RKAD THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



Dr. Gall, in his work on the "Func- 
tions of the 1 Brain," Vol. 2, page 252: 
"The differences of structure in the en- 
cephalon of different animals, which are 
the most striking, correspond to decided 
differences in its functions." 

"The brain of animals is almost en- 
tirely formed of the parts seated in the 
lateral and posterior regions of the cra- 
nium. This is the reason why their 
heads retreat immediately above the 
eyes. Nature has bestowed on the more 
noble species only the cerebral parts 




Fig. 14. Radial Distances from the Medulla to the Surface 



seated in the anterior-superior and an- 
terior-inferior encephalic parts, his 
whole front is expanded; it swells im- 
mediately above the eyes, projects be- 
yond them, and rises in a direction more 
or less perpendicular." 

Now, the common qualities of man 
and animals are unquestionably seated 
in the lateral and posterior parts of the 
head ; and in proportion as animals have 
a share of certain anterior-inferior en- 
cephalic parts, they enjoy certain intel- 
lectual faculties ; but as there is no ani- 
mal which possesses all the cerebral 
parts situated in the anterior and su- 
perior posterior regions of the frontal 
bone, so there is not one endowed with 



the faculties attached to them ; not one, 
which enjoys the privilege of reason, 
and a susceptibility to religious impres- 
sions. He further says, Vol. 2, page 
253 : "You will be impressed with an- 
other very important truth, namely, 
that the volume of the brain in a dog 
with the hog, or goat, etc., may be the 
same, and yet its functions be entirely 
different, and even opposite; and that 
instincts, propensities and peculiar char- 
acteristic talents are determined, not by 
the ciuantitv or volume of the brain 
alone, but by the quality or selectness 
of the parts of which it is composed." 




Fig. 15. Radial Distances from the Medulla to the surface 



BUMP OLOGY EXPLAINED. 



Phrenology is not based on "Bumps" 
as is popularly understood ; but upon the 
radial development of the brain fibers 
from the top of the spinal cord, or Me- 
dulla Oblongata, to the surface of the 
cerebrum. If a line be drawn from one 
opening of the ear to the other, it will 
lack but the small fraction of an inch of 
passing through the anterior part of the 
Medulla Oblongata; the one common 
center from which the fibrous structure 
of the brain radiates, in its multiplied 
directions. Thus, the ear is an appro- 
priate point from which to make the 
radial measurements to the back, front, 
side and top head in determining the 
size of the different organs of the brain. 



! 



BUMP OLOGY EXPLAINED. 



11 



Such an absurdity as the "Bump" 
theory was never taught by either Gall, 
Spurzheim or Combe, although the 
pedant flippantly charges it against 
them. The following quotation from 
Combe's "System of Phrenology," page 
.82, gives a complete refutation to the 
false charge : 

"In estimating the size of organs, 
both length and breadth must be at- 
tended to. The length of an organ is 
ascertained by the distance from the 
Medulla Oblongata to the peripheral 
surface. A line passing through the 
head from one ear to the other would 
nearly touch the Medulla Oblongata, 
and hence the external opening of the 
ear is assumed as a convenient point 
from which to estimate length. The 
breadth of an organ is judged of by its 




Fig. 16. Front view of a lowe type of the Human Skull 

peripheral expansion. And it is a gen- 
eral law of physiology that the breadth 
of any organ throughout its whole 
course bears a relation to its expansion 
at the surface, the optic and olfactory 
nerves are examples in point." 

Any person who will take the pains 
to examine the human skull will see that 
its outer surface is as smooth as a bil- 
liard ball; see Figs. 16 and 17, also 
which gives the front and side views 
of the smooth surface of the skull. 

The size of an apple is not determ- 
ined by "Bumps" or Protuberances 
on its surface, but by the distance from 
core to peeling. It is a gross misuse of 
language to apply the word "Bump" to 



the phrenological organs, and its mean- 
ing becomes a "fake" when thus appro- 
priated. 

Every instinct, propensity, sentiment, 
or intellectual faculty that is manifested 
by the different species of the animal 
kingdom, is represented in the psycholo- 
gical phenomena of the human brain. 
Man is the psychological epitome of 
every grade of mental phenomena in the 
whole range of mental development. 

Dr. Gall's discovery of the phrenolo- 
gical organs was the reaffirmation of 
the truth of nature's method of develop- 
ing and perfecting an organization, 
which is strictly on scientific lines. 

The natural grouping of the phren- 
ological organs, or brain centers, which 
are so perfectly illustrated in the facial 
angle, is proof positive of the great and 




Side view of a low type Skull. 



incontrovertible truths of the science of 
phrenology. 

We observe that the lower instincts 
and propensities are located in the base 
of the brain in the immediate vicinity of 
the top of the spinal cord, or Medulla 
Oblongata, the axis upon which the fa- 
cial angle turns from the posterior to 
the anterior part of the spinal column. 

If the moral sentiments were located 
in the base of the brain, the gorilla, 
lion and bull dog would be endowed 
with, and manifest the highest type ot 
undisputed moral sentiment. Observe 
in Figs. 18-19 their wide heads 
through the base of the brain immedi- 
ately above and around the ears, where 
phrenology teaches that the organs em- 
bracing the selfish animal propensities 



HOW TO RK \P THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



are located; the functions of which de- 
termine their respective types of charac- 
ter; the reverse of which is manifested 
by the superior brain development of 
man. 

The highest brain developments of 
the human and ape families indicate a 
closer correspondence in cerebral struc- 
ture and psychic manifestation, than ex- 
ists between the ape and the lower 
grades of animals. Professor Haeckel 
says in his latest work, "The Riddle of 
the Universe" : "The difference of brain 
structure and psychic faculty which sep- 
arates man from the anthropoid ape are 
slighter than the corresponding inter- 
val between the anthropoid ape and the 




Fig. 1 8. Bull Dog — A wide head, Destructiveness, large 

lower primates." These facts were dis- 
covered and demonstrated by Gall more 
than a century ago when he was pur- 
suing the study of comparative anat- 
omy, 'and are fully treated in his works 
on the "Functions of the Brain." 

Through all organized matter every 
organ serves to facilitate the power of 
its function better than if situated in 
any other position. The ear, eye, nose, 
mouth, hand and foot perform their 
functions more perfectly located as they 
are than if their positions were re- 
versed. Thus every organ in the hu- 
man body occupies its natural and 
proper position in its structural relation 
to the other organs in the performance 



of its legitimate function ; the character 
of which is written in a language as 
plain as the organ is prominently and 
distinctly located and developed, and 
thus revealing character in proportion 
to the- importance of its function. 

The palmists tell us that the hand is 
an infallible history, prophet, and inter- 
preter of human character and motive. 
They tell us that not only the history 
of our lives is recorded in our palms, 
but that the unwritten events of the fu- 
ture are as clearly defined in the shape 
and lines of the hand and in a language 
as plain as the hand itself. That the 
hand reveals the general type of a man's 




Fig. 19. The Monarch of the Forest 

character, there is no question, accord- 
ing to the law of homogenity, which 
governs the growth and development of 
every species of the animal and vege- 
table kingdom. But to penetrate the 
dense veil that separates the present 
from the future, by forecasting a man's 
destiny and telling him what he is go- 
ing to do, is a claim I most certainly 
question the ability of the palmists to 
sustain by a delineation of character 
from the lines in the hand. 

It is one of the potential laws of na- 
ture that every organ must be in per- 
fect harmony in structure and function 
with every other organ that forms a 
part of the same organization. 






TEMPERAMENT AND FACIAL EXPRESSION. 



13 



Therefore, if the claims of palmists 
are scientifically correct, the hand must 
portray the same character that is rep- 
resented in the head and face, being 
members of the same body, as nature 
never reveals contradictions. The brain 
is the most important organ that con- 
stitutes a part of the physical . man ; 
therefore, in its lofty position indicates 
and expresses in its form, size and tem- 
peramental conditions more character 
than any other organ or member of the 
human body. If we wish to study hu- 
man nature scientifically as it is repre- 
sented in the constitution of man, we 
must study the whole man, especially 
that organ or combination of organs 
that represent and manifest more char- 
acter than all the other organs in the 
human body combined, namely, the hu- 
man head and face. 



and cut of the features, constituting a 
most complete and beautiful comment- 
ary upon the nature, power and activity 
of the phrenological organs. 

The quality or texture of the very 
fiber of the organization of man, that 
temperamental condition that lies at the 
foundation of mental and bodily func- 
tion; that condition of texture in both 
brain and muscle that constitutes 
strength, endurance, stamina, activity, 
sensibility and what is called "bottom" 
in the horse, and "blood" in those who 
have descended from a long line of edu- 
cated, cultured and refined ancestors, 
the grades of which are represented in 
the shape of the head and facial expres- 
sion in Figs. 28, 34. 

All of these conditions are repre- 
sented in the face, skin and hair of the 
head. Its influence is the most poten- 






Fig. 21. Strong Criminal instincts, 
coarse organization 



Fig. 



22. Motive Vital Temperament, 
coarse organization 



TEMPERAMENT AND FACIAL 
EXPRESSIONS. 



The tone of facial expression, good 
or bad, is the impress of mental condi- 
tion. The face is the canvas upon which 
is painted in delicate hue the language 
of intelligence, culture and refinement, 
as well as in darkest hue the deep lines 
of the perverted propensities and pas- 
sions of the human brain, as portrayed 
in Figs. 21, 22, 23. 

The temperamental conditions of the 
brain and the culture of the human 
mind are determined by the form, type 



Fig. 23. Strong Criminal instincts, 
coarse temperament 

tial factor of all the temperamen- 
tal conditions in the human organiza- 
tion ; therefore must be given due con- 
sideration in the descriptive analysis of 
the mental faculties. 

I am asked the question almost every 
day by people of intelligence and cul- 
ture, what do you mean by the words 
quality, or texture, as applied to the 
fiber and tissue of the human organiza- 
tion, as though such a temperamental 
condition did not exist. 

For the benefit of those who do not 
fully comprehend the meaning of the 
terms "quality or texture," as applied 



14 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



to the human organization, I will direct 
their attention to a few of the common 
articles of merchandise, such as a com- 
parison between a fine piece of steel and 
a coarse piece of iron ; or a piece of box 
wood in comparison with a piece of cork 
pine, or a tine piece of silk in compari- 
son with a coarse woolen fabric; all of 
which are the products of nature and 
art. The shoe and the skin from which 
it was tanned illustrate this great fun- 
damental underlying fact of nature 
most perfectly. 



w -' 






Ik 


\ . 1 «v * 






Hi 





Fig. 24. A well balanced Temperament, 
in the thoroughbred horse. 

This fact is made more illustrative 
and impressive when you go to pur- 
chase a pair of shoes. The first ques- 
tion that the merchant will probably ask 
you is, what kind of a shoe and what 
size do you wear; you give him the 
style and number that you desire and 
he will take from his shelves, I will say, 
two pairs of shoes, and spread them out 
for your inspection, at the same time 
giving you the prices, which range 
from two to five dollars. "Oh," but 
you say, "they are all the same size, are 
they not?" He will answer, "Yes." 
"Well," you will say, "why do you ask 
two dollars for one pair and five dol- 
lars for another, etc. ?" But he will say 
and emphasize the fact that it is the dif- 
ference in the quality of the shoes. This 
five dollar pair has a very fine fiber or 
textural quality which was first consti- 
tutionally determined by the very fine 



skin from which it was tanned, and 
which was taken from an animal that 
had very fine quality, or texture of mus- 
cular fiber and bone; while the three- 
dollar shoes are coarse in quality, hav- 
ing been made from a coarse piece of 
leather, which was tanned from the skin 
of an animal that was coarse in fiber 
and constitutional quality. A careful 
comparison of the shoes readily enables 
you to see and appreciate the difference 
in their quality as well as their value. 

Compare the fine hair, skin, clean ait 
and beautiful form of the thoroughbred 
horse with that of the coarse, heavy, 
clumsy draft horse (Fig. 24) and you 
will see the well defined contrast in that 
temperamental condition called consti- 
tutional quality that determines the 
power, activity, speed and intelligence 
of every horse, as well as that of every 
human being. 

Observe this temperamental condi- 
tion in the coarse hair, skin and fea- 
tures of the man who digs in the ditch 
and the man who sails before the mast, 
and handles freight upon the dock, and 
compare them with the man who is re- 
fined and toned up by the culture of a 
higher education. Compare their hair 
and features with those of men of a 
high-born ancestral lineage and culture 
marked by the refining and elevating 
forces of evolution, and you will no 
longer question this temperamental con- 
dition as a fact, or its importance as a 
factor to be given due consideration in 
the descriptive analysis of the func- 
tional powers and activity of the brain. 

Observe the fine features of Fig. 
44 in contrast w T ith Fig. 45. Quality is 
a condition that permeates, and in fact 
is a part and parcel of all matter — ani- 
mate and inanimate — and determines 
the utility and value of every object 
with which man has to deal, as well as 
his own physical and mental worth. 
But what is most amazing of all is the 
dense ignorance upon this most import- 
ant constitutional or temperamental 
condition ; among not only the common 
people, but in high places where, the 
standard of mental development is 
measured by culture of the most classi- 
cal type in our colleges and universities. 



SIZE OF BRAIN AND MENTAL POWER. 



15 



THE SIZE AND WEIGHT OF THE BRAIN IS 

THE MEASURE OF ITS FUNCTIONAL 

POWER. 

The average size of the adult male 
head in circumferance is 21 ^4 to 22 in., 
and the adult female head is 21 to 21 J /[ 
inches. 

The average weight of the matured 
human male brain is 49/4 ounces, the 
human female brain 44 ounces. The 
average difference between the average 
male and female brain is from five to 
six ounces. 

The size of the head is the measure 
,of mental power, the temperamental 



man with the 21 inch head. But if we 
take two men having the same measure- 
ments as given above, and we find the 
man with the 23 inch head has a low 
grade or textural fiber which is only 
developed to 3 (in the scale which runs 
from 1 to 7 degrees, used as the stand- 
ard of measurement by phrenologists), 
and the man whose head measures 21 
inches has a high grade of textural fibei 
which is developed to 6, the latter will 
manifest a much higher degree of 
power and activity of mind than the 
man whose head measures 23 inches. 
So by this illustration you can readily 




Fig. 25. Judge Alfred J. Murphy. A 23^ inch head. The forehead is high, deep and broad, 

hence a splendid intellect 



and other conditions being equal. Take 
for illustration the heads of two men; 
one whose head measures 21 and the 
other 23 inches in circumference, with 
proportionate measurements from side 
to side, and from front to back, and 
from base to top head, and both having 
had the same educational advantages; 
the man with the 23 inch head will 
manifest more mental power than the 



see the value and importance of consti- 
tutional quality and its influence on 
mental manifestation ; a knowledge of 
which is absolutely necessary in the de- 
scriptive analysis of character, as indi- 
cated in the form of the head and fea- 
tures of the face. "Oh," but says one, 
"how are we going to learn to determ- 
ine the quality, texture and tempera- 
mental conditions which underlie the 



16 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



human constitution in all of its multi- 
plied differentiations in the human 
race?" You can learn to compare and 
classify them by close discriminating- 
observation and experience with the 
same degree of aptitude and accuracy, 
and upon the same principle that the 
shoe merchant learns the quality of the 
different grades of shoes, or that the 
furrier acquires a knowledge of the 
quality of the variety of furs in his 
store. 

George Combe, in his " System of 
Phrenology," pages 20 to 30, gives a 
clear and concise exposition and an- 
alysis of the facts and principles upon 
which the temperaments are founded. 
Mr. Combe says in the following lim- 
ited extract, page 30: "It is clearly 
admitted that the constitution, or qual- 
ity of brain has a great influence on the 
mental effects of size. The next in- 
quiry, therefore, naturally is, what ef- 
fect does the constitution of the organs 
produce on the state of mind ? Is it in- 
definite whether the organs be large or 
small, well or illy constituted, in health 
or in disease? I submit the following- 
facts to prove that in other departments 
of organized nature, size in an organ, 
other conditions being equal, is a meas- 
ure of power in its function, i. e. } that 
small size indicates weak power, and 
large size strong power, all other cir- 
cumstances being alike." 

Quality is as much a condition of 
matter as quantity; it permeates the 
mineral, vegetable and animal king- 
doms in all their differentiated forms, 
determining their durability, polish, 
beauty, and intrinsic value, and which 
is clearly and distinctly represented and 
portrayed in the physical constitution 
and mental phenomena of every human 
being. 

The three temperaments and their 
combinations which are as numerous as 
the people of the human race, must be 
studied and learned before a student of 
phrenology can make due progress in 
acquiring a knowledge of the science 
and apply it to the living subject in the 
descriptive delineation of character with 
any degree of accuracy or success. 



The quality or texture of the fiber 
and tissue of bone, muscle and brain 
can be developed and refined by taking 
a high grade of easily digested and nu- 
tritious food, which is found in select 
grades of beef, mutton and fowl, and in 
great abundance in the vegetable, fruit, 
cereal, and nut kingdoms. 

A corresponding degree of deteriora- 
tion or degeneracy, in the quality or 
texture of fiber and tissue follows a 
low grade of coarse indigestible food, 
just as logically as that a good quality 
of food will produce a strong, fine qual- 
ity of fiber and tissue, or that a fine 
watch is the product of a fine quality of 
material and skilled mechanical in- 
genuity. You must remember that the 
"stream can never rise higher than its 
fountain." 

The man whose diet consists of pork, 
and food that is cooked in lard, every 
fiber of which is saturated with grease, 
and who indulges freely in the use of 
tea, coffee, spices, mustard, pickles, 
highly seasoned salads, greasy dishes 
and complications of them, and at the 
same time continues in the pernicious 
habits of using tobacco, intoxicating 
liquors and other health-destroying 
viands, will ultimately pay- the penalty 
with indigestion, a tobacco heart, and a 
coarser fiber, a sluggish and clumsier 
organization. 

A perfect digestion and good health 
are to a great degree the result of tak- 
ing pure food and of a general obedi- 
ence to the laws of health and hygienic 
practice. 

THE TEMPERAMENTS. 

The temperaments are anatomically 
classified into three divisions, which are 
called the Vital Temperament, the Mo- 
tive Temperament, and the Mental 
Temperament. 

The Vital Temperament. 
The Vital Temperament is based upon 
the vital organs, which embrace the 
stomach, liver, heart, circulatory or- 
gans, assimilation and all the life force 
that contributes to the vital powers of 
the physical organization of men and 
animals. 



THE TEMPERAMENTS. 



17 



The distinguishing features of the 
Vital Temperament are found in those 
whose heads are wide through the base 
and full in the back in the social propen- 
sities, cheeks are full and plump; chest 
deep, full and ample, and many persons 
have an abnormal development of the 
abdominal cavity, giving them the ap- 
pearance of an over ripe gooseberry. 
Those who have this type of tempera- 
ment usually are high livers, attach 
much importance to banquets and the 
luxuries of the table ; many over-eat and 
drink and ultimately die from the ef- 
fects of "gout," heart failure, or a corn- 



indicated by a large, heavy, bony, 
frame-work, angular in form, promi- 
nent joints, high cheek bones, large 
front teeth, a long stiff upper lip, and 
usually a full, strong, well-rounded 
chin. In character, men of this tem- 
perament are positive, aggressive, 
sometimes stern, gruff, imperious and 
commanding; not polished or very re- 
fined in taste or manner, plain in dress, 
and treat styles and fashion with in- 
difference, and often with contempt. 
The phrenological organ of approba- 
tiveness, as a rule, is not large in con- 
nection with this temperament, thus 




Fig. 26. Hon. Thomas B. Reed, A large brain in the Vital Temperament. Alimentiveness large 



plication of diseases in which the stom- 
ach and all the vital organs are in- 
volved. This temperament is splendid- 
ly represented in the portrait of Thomas 
B. Reed (Fig. 26). 

The Motive Temperament. 
The Motive Temperament is based 
upon the bones, muscles and ligaments 
of the organization, and their promi- 
nence indicates power and influence in 
proportion to the degree of develop- 
ment as a temperamental factor in hu- 
man character. This temperament is 
more self-esteem and personal inde- 



pendence than pride or vanity. This 
temperament is found in great leaders 
and pioneers, and often in great mili- 
tary commanders. They are the men 
who go where the work is hardest. 
When such men say "no" they mean it 
and stick to it. When behind an en- 
terprise they push it with great earnest- 
ness and energy. They are the men 
who have blazed the way, cleared the 
forest, and made a higher civilization 
possible. They are men who are full of 
grit, pluck, energy and fearless' courage. 
Observe the features of Fig. 27. 



IS 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



Mental Temperament. 

The Mental Temperament is based 
upon the brain and nervous system ; the 
predominance of which is indicated by 
a large head, mounting high from base 
to top. forehead full and prominent 
with oval, pale face and fine, clear cut 
features, a clear, bright, intelligent eye; 
in bodily form the bony frame work is 
slight, and muscular organs thin and 
spare. The head is narrow through the 
base between the ears in the region of 
the phrenological organs of combative- 



tellectual than affectionate, as the 
phrenological organ of amativeness is 
not so strongly developed as in those in 
whom the Vital Temperament predom- 
inates. This temperament is marked 
by a high grade of fine spun fiber, indi- 
cated by a thin, delicate skin, fine silky 
hair, and small bones. They are better 
adapted to the professions and intellec- 
tual pursuits than to any craft, me- 
chanical, or commercial business. E. 
Burton Holmes (Fig. 28) is a fine il- 
lustration of the Mental Temperament. 
The three temperaments of which I 




Fig. 27. Hon. John G. Carlysle, Motive Temperament. Large preceptive and 
Semi-perceptive organs, a good memory for dates and statistical matter 



ness and destructiveness ; thus, men in 
whom this temperament predominates 
are not so aggressive and pugnacious as 
those in whom the Vital and Motive 
Temperaments are in the ascendancy. 
This temperament is found in poets and 
in literary and artistic people ; those of 
refined tastes, fine feelings, high toned 
moral sentiments, and intellectual and 
scholarly attainments. In disposition 
they are proud, sensitive and more in- 



have given a brief description are rep- 
resented in every organization, from 
the lowest vertebrate animal to the 
highest type of man. The most favor- 
able temperament is the one in which 
the three, the Motive, Mental and Vital, 
are equally combined, thus giving a per- 
fect balance of power and efficiency to 
the physical organs of the body as well 
as to the brain, nervous system and 
mental faculties. See Fig. 29. 



THE TEMPERAMENTS. 



19 



The more perfectly developed and 
adjusted each bone, muscle and 
vital organ is to every other organ, 
the more power, endurance, activity 
and harmony of temperament. The 
steam engine that is made of the finest 
material and constructed on the most 
perfect scientific lines, will run with less 
friction, more smoothness, and greater 
durability than one made from inferior 
material, poorly constructed and im- 
perfectly adjusted. 



inches should weigh 160 pounds and 
stand 5 feet 9 inches in height. The 
man whose head is 23 inches in circum- 
ference should weigh from 175 to 180 
pounds, and be 5 feet io}4 inches in 
height. The predominance or deficiency 
of any one of the temperaments, the 
Vital, Motive, or Mental, is indicated 
and can be determined by the develop- 
ment of the combination of organs that 
constitute the basis of that tempera- 
ment. If the bony framework is in the 
ascendency the Motive temperament 




Fig. 28. E. Burton Holmes, A magnificent illustration of the Mental Temperament, 
education, culture and refinement 



A perfectly balanced and harmonious 
temperament is indicated by a uniform- 
ity of physical developments and meas- 
urements. Take, for illustration, a man 
with a 22 inch head in circumference, 
with proportionate length, width and 
height of head, he should weigh 150 
pounds and measure 5 feet 8 inches in 
height, with ample chest and abdominal 
measurements. 

The man whose head measures 22 V 2 



predominates. When the vital organs 
round out the cheeks and the chest to a 
normal plumpness, and the brain and 
nervous system not so distinctly 
marked, we have a combination 
known as the Motive- Vital tempera- 
ment. If the predominance of these 
temperamental conditions is reversed, 
the Vital-Motive temperament predom- 
inates with its prevailing constitutional 
influence, etc. 



•20 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



The Mental-Motive temperament is 
indicated by a large well defined head 
in combination with the bony frame- 
work and muscular system fully de- 
veloped. The hair is usually fine in 
texture, with fine but firm skin and 
wiry muscular fiber combined with 
marked mental activity and power. 
Dyspeptic tendencies are often found in 
this combination of temperamental con- 
ditions. 



are based more upon physiology and 
pathology than on anatomy and physi- 
ology. They are generally recognized 
by medico-physiological writers, and 
described under the nomenclature of — 
i. The Lymphatic Temperament, 

2. The Sanguine Temperament, 

3. The Bilious Temperament, and 

4. The Nervous Temperament. 
The Lymphatic Temperament is 

based upon the lymphatic system, and 




Fig. 29. Right Hon. William E. Gladstone, Well balanced Temperament 



THE TEMPERAMENTS TREAT- 
ED FROM A PATHOLOGI- 
CAL STANDPOINT. 



was recognized 



The medical writers, from Hippocra- 
tes to Thomas, give the classification 
and a nomenclature to four divisions 
of the temperamental conditions, which 



by the ancients as the 
Phlegmatic Temperament. 

The lymphatic glands secrete a trans- 
parent watery fluid called lymph, an ex-. 
cessive development of which' is char- 
acterized by a fullness and rotundity of 
bodily form. The lower cheeks are 
wide and plump; the complexion is 
pale, sallow, or yellowish. The muscles 
full, plump, soft and flabby. The 



THE TEMPERAMENTS. 



21 



eyes and general facial expression are 
dull and sluggish. The abdomen is 
conspicuously developed, thus giving a 
corpulent appearance to the personality 
of those in whom the influence of this 
temperament most strongly prevails. 

They are slow in thought and ac- 
tion, and inclined to put off until to- 
morrow what they should do to-day. 
They are never in a hurry, and are 
often lazy and habitually indolent. 
They are much inclined to repose; re- 
tire early and sleep late. They are 
mild in disposition, very little ambition 
to aspire to higher things, or keep up 
with the procession of progress. They 
are often timid and indifferent when 
in the social circle. The recuperative 
tendency and repleteness of the muscu- 
lar tissue are distinct characteristics 
that are in common with the Vital 
Temperament. Fig. 30 represents 
marked phases of the lymphatic and 
vital organs. 




Fig. 30. Vital Phlegmatic, Temperament, bad organization- 

A criminal record and known to the Police 

as Boston Charley 

THE SANGUINE TEMPERA- 
MENT. 



This temperament is based upon the 
arterial, circulatory, capillary vessels, 



lungs and stomach. It corresponds to 
the Vital Temperament given in the 
anatomical classification of the temper- 
aments. A favorable development of 
this physical condition is most condu- 
cive to health and longevity. In its 
normal condition it is replete with more 
healthful vigor and activity of bodily 
function than the Lymphatic Tempera- 
ment. 

The late Hazen S. Pingree was a 
splendid illustration of the Sanguine 
Temperament. 

The characteristics that distinguish 
this temperament are its positive rather 
than negative manifestations; physic- 
ally, the stature is generally above the 
average in height and weight; erect in 
pose, and well balanced in muscular 
and bony structure; the chest and 
shoulders are broad, deep and ample. 
It possesses in common with the Mo- 
tive and Vital Temperaments many in- 
fluential and distinct characteristics. It 
is further characterized by the impul- 
sive enthusiasm of the Vital, and athle- 
tic power and agility of the Motive 
Temperaments. The head is generally 
average in size and well formed. 
Those possessed of the sanguine tem- 
peramental conditions are sensitive both 
mentally and physically, and live 
in close contact with their surround- 
ings and circumstances. Where this 
temperament is very highly developed, 
more life, energy and activity will be 
manifested in one day than in the 
Phlegmatic Temperament in a week. 

The textural conditions are charac- 
terized by fine, thin, soft, velvety skin. 
The complexion is fresh and ruddy; 
the facial expression generally open, 
frank and animated. The bodily loco- 
motion is quick, easy and graceful. The 
face round or oval and rather full and 
plump. The eyes are blue and expres- 
sive. The lips are well rounded, full 
and red. In disposition they are fond 
of social life, cordial, friendly, affec- 
tionate, loving, sympathetic, and ex- 
tremely fond of the pleasures of life. 



82 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



THE BILIOUS TEMPERAMENT. 



The Bilious Temperament has its 
foundation in the liver and venous sys- 
tem, and their prevailing influence over 
the functions of the digestive organs, 
which involve to a great extent a closely 
connected relation with the nervo- 
ganglionic centers in their operations. 
They give the elements for a sound 
physiological basis for this distinct type 
of temperament. This temperament is 
a predisposed, inherited condition, but 
can be superinduced by living in a dry 
hot climate, and by taking food com- 
posed largely of meats, such as bacon. 



general bearing lofty and a self-import- 
ant air; energetic, often blunt, abrupt, 
emphatic, positive, expressive in ges- 
ture and a firm rather quick measured 
walk. The facial expression is gener- 
ally cold, stern, austere and severe. 

The complexion is dark, tawny, 
olive, or dull. The hair is black, or 
dark brown, strong, wiry and abund- 
ant. See portrait of Dickson, Fig. 31. 

The Bilious Temperament is determ- 
ined by the predominating influence of 
the liver and venous system, and the 
Sanguine Temperament by the predom- 
inating- influence of the heart and ar- 
terial system; hence, the dark complex- 
ion in one, and a fair and ruddy com- 
plexion in the other. 




NERVOUS TEMPERAMENT. 



Fig. 31. Dickson, the champion rope walker of Canada. 
Bilious Temperament 

smoked or spiced meats, tea, cof- 
fee and alcoholic beverages. I have 
never met a person in whom this tem- 
perament prevails but what was exceed- 
ingly fond of coffee, and persisted as a 
rule in its use regardless of its delete- 
rious effects. If there are any people 
who should avoid the use of coffee it 
is those with this type of temperament. 
The physical characteristics of the 
Bilious Temperament are indicated by 
medium stature, sometimes tall and an- 
gular in bodily form, with a firm pose, 



This temperament is based upon the 
abnormal condition of the brain and 
nervous system, especially the latter, as 
it is influenced more by the nervo-gang- 
lionic system than the brain. Its mani- 
festations are peculiar to its own inher- 
ent constitutional condition, and can be 
readily distinguished from the normal 
condition of a healthy, well balanced 
brain and nervous organization. 

This temperamental condition is 
more often found in persons who have 
the Mental Temperament than the Mo- 
tive or Vital Temperaments. The more 
advanced toward a higher civilization 
the races become, the greater the de- 
gree in quantity, quality, and sensitive 
activity of the nervous system. Hence, 
under the high pressure of modern 
methods, habits, ways and manner of 
living in the higher classes of civiliza- 
tion the nervous system must necessar- 
ily be keyed up to an abnormal tension 
of sensation, feverish irritability, which 
becomes constitutional and hereditary 
in many families. 

Persons in whom this temperament 
prevails have fine hair, but not very 
abundant; fine, thin skin; thin, slender 
muscles and bones; thin cheeks; pale 
countenance; bright, wide-awake eyes; 
generally blue, gray or light brown. 



THE PROPENSITIES. 



28 



This temperament gives great activ- 
ity to the brain and nervous system, 
and intense vivacity and enthusiasm to 
the mental activities. Persons with this 
temperament should live on a simple 
diet, and avoid tea, coffee, spices, pep- 
pers, and all kinds of rich, highly sea- 
soned food. They should sleep all they 



Mental and Bilious Temperaments give 
great power and strength of character. 
The Mental, Vital and Sanguine Tem- 
peraments are a favorable combination. 
Shakespeare draws an admirable con- 
trast between the nervous and lymphatic 
temperaments in a scene between Cae- 
sar and Antony in the following lines : 




Fig. 32. Hazen S. Pingree, Sanguine, Mental Vital Temperament. A large head, 
fine brain and strong character 



can; they are not apt to over-sleep; 
nature has given them all the stimulants 
they require. 

These temperaments are all mixed 
in different proportions in the organiza- 
tion of every human being. And the 
respective influence of each tempera- 
ment is manifested in proportion to the 
degree of its constitutional develop- 
ment. 

The Mental, Motive, and Sanguine 
Temperaments are a favorable combin- 
ation. The Motive, Bilious and Lym- 
phatic Temperaments are a most unfa- 
vorable combination. The Motive, 



Caesar — Let me have men about me 

that are fat, 
Sleek-headed men, and such as sleep o' 

nights. 
YoncT Cassius has a lean and hungry 

look. 
He thinks too much. Such men are 

dangerous. 
Antony — -Fear him not, Caesar; he's 

not dangerous. He is a noble Ro- 
man, and well given. 
Caesar — Would he were fatter — but I 

fear him not ; 
Yet if my name were liable to fear, 
I do not know the man I should avoid 
So soon as that spare Cassius. 



u 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



These temperamental conditions are 
subject to diseases peculiar to the type 
of temperament. 

For example: the Bilious Tempera- 
ment is more liable to bilious diseases 
than the Vital, or Sanguine Tempera- 
ments. The Mental Temperament is 
more liable to nervous diseases than the 
Motive, or Vital Temperaments. The 
Sanguine Temperament is more liable 
to inflammatory diseases than any of 
the other temperaments. 

The Vital and Lymphatic Tempera- 
ments are liable to diseases of the vital 
organs. Heart failure, gout and in- 
flammatory diseases often afflict a per- 
son with this temperament. 

The chemical elements that enter in- 
to and are part and parcel of the tem- 
perament of every human being vary 
in their respective proportions; hence, 
this temperamental differentiation 
marks the individuality of every human 
being. 




* a 



Fig. 33. Evidences of Civilization 

THE PHRENOLOGICAL ORGANS 

AND THEIR LOCATION 

AND DIVERSIFIED 

FUNCTIONS. 



We come now to the point in the 
physio-psychological treatment of the 
relation of psychic phenomena and the 
organs of the brain. 

Phrenology does not teach just where 
the boundary line exists, if there be 
such a line of demarcation, between 
mind and brain substance. It is an em- 
pirical and inductive science, which was 



discovered by careful observation and 
experiments by the comparison of 
psychic faculty with size, location and 
form of the cerebral parts ; hence, after 
hundreds and even thousands of critical 
tests had been applied to each organ 
and its function, and every opportunity 
for error had been overcome, Drs. Gall 
and Spurzheim discovered and located 
thirty-six organs in the human brain, 
to which have been added six others 
which have been discovered by students 
of human nature who learned to apply 
the methods and rules of observation 
and induction as laid down by their 
eminent predecessors. Thus making 
forty-two primary faculties of the mind 
that have been localized in their respec- 
tive organs in the brain. The Science 
of Phrenology which is founded on and 
is injected into the substratum of the 
physiology of the brain has not fully re- 
vealed the profoundly inseparable con- 
nection between the psychic faculty and 
its organ. But to phrenology is due full 
credit for the closest and clearest an- 
alysis of this intimate and invisible rela- 
tion of brain and mind of any science, 
or system of psychology, that has at- 
tempted to treat or solve the problem of 
man as a dual being with a physical 
body or "entity" that is endowed with 
consciousness and all the psychic fac- 
ulties requisite to the perfection of the 
individuality of a supposed independent 
immortal "Ego." 

One class of Spiritualists claim they 
have proof in positive demonstration 
that this "Ego," or the Spirit of Man, 
does not only exist in fact as much as 
the physical man exists as an entity, but 
after its separation from this material 
body, at which time death to the body 
ensues, it returns at intervals in a re- 
materialized form, in which it exhibits 
itself, usually at specially appointed 
times and places, in dark rooms, and 
other equipments in the form of cab- 
inets, music boxes, tin horns, and such 
other material devices as necessary to 
facilitate the operations of the material- 
ization of the spirit form. For more 
than twenty years I have attended many 
private and public seances, where I was 



THE SELFISH PROPENSITIES. 



25 



informed that the most highly de- 
veloped mediums in the country gave 
materializing tests, but in every in- 
stance I saw nothing in the form of a 
spiritualized body or heard the sound of 
a voice that was not made by material 
organs of speech in the ordinary way, 
but evidence of the most papable trick- 
ery and fraud could be seen in the con- 
ditions and circumstances which advo- 
cates of the cult claim are essential to 
spiritual unfoldment and materializa- 
tion. 

The other class of Spiritualists be- 
lieve in the doctrine of the immaterial 
spiritual body, and when it severs its 
connection from this mortal body that 
it never returns to earth again, but goes 
to its final and eternal place of abode. 
Just where, they have not discovered. 

The trend of modern thought and 
scientific research is more in the di- 
rection of the facts and phenomena of 
nature itself than in inspiration. Prof. 
Ferrier's paper, which he read a few 
years ago before the Anthropological 
Society of London, and which was pub- 
lished in the Journal of the Anthropolo- 
gical Institute, vol. xix, p. 12, vol. xx, 
p. 227, sets forth the views of probably 
one of the most able exponents of this 
school of physio-psychological science 
in the latter half of the nineteenth cen- 
tury, and from which 1 quote the fol- 
lowing extract : 

"In vain does the Spiritualist find an 
argument of the existence of a separate 
immaterial substance on the alleged in- 
compatibility of the intellectual and the 
physical phenomena to co-inhere in the 
same sub-stratum. Materiality may 
very well stand the brunt of that broad- 
side undershot. This mild artifice can 
scarcely expect to be treated as a serious 
observation. Such an hypothesis can- 
not be meant to be in earnest. 

"Who is to dictate to nature what 
phenomena, or what inhere in what sub- 
stances; what effects may result from 
what causes? Matter is clearlv in the 
field as an acknowledeed entity — this 
both parties admit. Mind considered 
as an independent entity is not so un- 
mistakably in the field ; therefore as en- 
tities are not to be multiplied without 



necessity, we are not entitled to postu- 
late a new cause, so long as it is possible 
to account for the phenomena by a cause 
already in existence, which possibility 
has never yet been disproved." 

It was discovered that nature 
grouped the phrenological organs in a 
manner similar to all the organs in the 
body. The vital and other organs, for 
illustration. The reproductive, domes- 
tic and social instincts are grouped to- 
gether in the posterior lobes of the 
brain, or back head. The selfish pro- 
pensities in the side head. The selfish 
sentiments in the posterior superior 
lobes of the brain, in and about the 
crown of the head. The moral senti- 
ments are grouped together in the top 
head. The intellectual faculties are sit- 
uated in the frontal lobes of the brain, 
or forehead. The semi-intellectual 
faculties are situated in the upper side 
head. 

I shall treat each phrenological or- 
gan and its function as briefly, yet 
clearly, concisely and fully, as space will 
permit under its own nomenclature. 
The organ of Amativeness is the first 
propensity to be considered in the 
natural order of development. 



AMATIVENESS. 



This propensity is common to men 
and animals, the organ of which is lo- 
cated in the Cerebellum, the small brain 
which is situated under the posterior 
lobes of the Cerebrum/" the large brain. 

The location and size of this organ 
can be determined by the development 
of the head, below the occipital spine, 
which is a small bony projection on the 
median line of the lower back head : 
when large it is indicated by a well 
rounded peripheral expansion of the 
nape of the neck between the openings 
of the ears. 

FUNCTION. 

The function of this organ is the 
manifestation of virile power, passion- 
ate love, sexual desire, and the repro- 
ductive instinct. It is the largest phren- 
ological organ in the human brain, and 
correspondingly potential in manifesta- 



86 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



tion and influence. It lies near the top 
of the Medulla Oblongata, which is the 
tap root of every organ where they are 
energized by its magic influence. 

Those who have the vital tempera- 
ment strongly marked are usually en- 
dowed with a strong degree of this pro- 
pensity, as shown by the full, broad 
nape of the neck, and its correspond- 
ing manifestations toward the opposite 
sex. 

The influence of this faculty upon 



the other sex, and are often rude to 
them; but after that age they become 
gallant, attentive and polished in style 
and manner. It tones down and softens 
the blunt and harsher feelings of man 
and makes him more pliable, kind, 
courteous in disposition when in the 
society of ladies. An abnormal de- 
velopment and perverted manifestation 
of this organ leads to low company, 
licentiousness and immoral social rela- 
tions, if not regulated by the intel- 
lectual and superior faculties. 




Fig. 34. 
A Motherly Chimpanzee 



human character is very great, either 
for good or evil. It lies at the very 
foundation of reproduction and the 
perpetuation of the human race, not 
only of the human race, but of every 
species of the animal kingdom, from 
the lowest primate to the highest. 

Man was endowed with this propen- 
sity for the wise and beneficent purpose 
of perpetuating his kind. 

Boys up to the age of puberty are 
generally indifferent to the society of 



Dr. Spurzheim says this organ at- 
tains its full growth between sixteen 
and twenty-five years of age, and fre- 
quently diminishes in old age. Wlien 
the organ is very small in a person, the 
beauty of form and charming magnetic 
personality of the opposite sex does not 
appeal to him beyond the degree of 
ordinary friendship. 

This propensity some times finds ex- 
pression in sparkling lines of lyric 
verse. 



THE TEMPERAMENTS. 



27 



Now, loved one, I send to thee 
The song I rudely fashion, 

No strains are they of Arcady, 
But lays of purest passion. 

This faculty identifies with it the 
quality of love between man and 
woman ; thus the man or woman who is 
fitly mated grows doubly good, as the 
phrase goes. Men, equally with wo- 
men, learn that safety leans to virtue's 
side, especially to the virtue of manly 
love and care. 




Fig. 35. The mouth of a cold hearted, prudish old maid 

Observe the small, narrow chin 
which corresponds to the small organ 
of Amativeness in the lower section of 
the back head, where this love enamor- 
ing propensity is situated. There is not 
a spark of love or affection represented 
in those thin, sharp-edged, cold lips. A 
forbidding mouth and chin. Fig. 35. 



CONJUGALITY. 

The continuity of love is the function 
of this pairing instinct, which is located 
on each side of the organ of Philopro- 
genitiveness, and just back of the lower 
section of the organ of Combativeness. 
When large the head is comparatively 
wide at this point and narrow when 
small. If Amativeness, Approbative- 
ness and Self-Esteem are large in con- 
nection with a strong conjugal instinct 
in a person, he is, under the influence of 
proper provocations, subject to un- 
controlable fits of jealousy; and if 
Destructiveness is also large he some- 
times becomes desperate and takes the 
life of the object of his affection when 
he feels and sees her drifting away 
from him under the enamoring influ- 
ence of a rival lover. The pressure of 
such a fate is too strong to be endured, 



and he feels that prospective life is a 
barren future, and that the horrors of 
death are more inviting than the faded 
star of a blasted hope. When this or- 
gan is small and Amativeness large, 
love is transitory; hence, the manifes- 
tation of an inconstant, treacherous in- 
fidelity in conjugal love. 

The woman who possesses a strong 
conjugal affection and marries a man 
with it only moderately developed 
must be most attractive, artful and tact- 
ful to hold his love and affection ex- 
clusively under her influence and con- 
trol. 

This pairing instinct is manifested by 
many species of the animal and feath- 
ered tribes. 

PHILOPROGENITIVENESS. 

This organ is situated on the median 
line in the back head, and corresponds 
to an area just above the organ of 




Fig. 36. Large Philoprogenitiveness 

Amativeness and the small bony pro- 
jection called the occipital protuber- 
ance, at the point of the arrow in Fig. 
36. The function of this propensity is 
the love, affection and care of off- 
spring. When very large it manifests 
a strong feeling for progeny, children 
and pets in general. Many persons ex- 
hibit a very great love for the animal 



•:> 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



kingdom; some for dogs and others 
for horses, etc. 

This offspring- loving instinct is 
manifested by many of the different 
species of the animal kingdom in a 
most remarkable degree, especially the 
ape family in which Dr. Gall first dis- 
covered the organ of this instinct. Ob- 
serve the motherly manifestation of 
this propensity in the chimpanzee, Fig. 
33. The natural language of this fac- 
ulty when extraordinarily large, is to 
throw the head backward in the direc- 
tion of the organ, when fondling the 
object of its love. 

The mother in whom this faculty is 
large manifests great solicitude and 
anxiety over the future of her children, 
and often too much leniency for her 
own happiness and their own good. 
This is especially so when large Cau- 
tiousness is present. This organ is 
larger in the female head than in the 
male; hence, a deeper and stronger 
manifestation of this propensity by the 
mother than is usually manifested by 
the father. This propensity often pre- 
vents her from seeing the defects and 
faults in her children as they are seen 
by the neighbors. She is ready to ex- 
cuse their short comings, and place the 
blame for their bad conduct on the 
neighbor's children. 

She readily yields to the appealing 
desires of her children, and often 
"spares the rod and spoils the child." 

Lord Byron beautifully represents 
the loving, watchful motherly care of 
this propensity in the following lines : 

Adah. — 

Where were then the joys, 

The mother's joys of watching, 

nourishing 
And loving him? Soft! 
He awakes. Sweet Enoch. 

{She goes to the child.) 

It is the most easily located of any 
of the phrenological organs in the back 
head, and can be readily verified if a 
person chooses to appeal to nature. 



FRIENDSHIP. 



The function of this organ is the 
manifestation of a social feeling, a love 
and affection for friends. The cordial, 
ardent manifestation which corre- 
sponds to the degree of its develop- 
ment. 

This organ is located at the posterior 
edge of the parietal bone, just above the 
lamdoidal suture, on each side of the 
organ of Inhabitiveness. The width, 
or a full rounded development in this 
region of the head determines the de- 
gree of its development. When the 
entire social group of organs is large, 
the back head is built back and upward, 
full and round from the opening of the 
ear. See Fig No. 37. It is one of the 
most difficult of all the organs to illus- 
trate in a portrait. 

Those who have this organ large be- 
stow a very warm friendship upon 
those who are embraced in their circle 
of friends. They have strong social 
influence over them, if combined with 
a full degree of Approbativeness, Con- 
scientiousness, Agreeableness and Be- 
nevolence. 

This instinct or social faculty is man- 
ifested by many species of the animal 
kingdom and feathered tribes in a most 
marked degree. The dog and cat often 
manifest this faculty in a very fervent 
and extraordinary manner. 

Those in whom the organ is small 
never make many, if any, warm friends. 
They are looked upon as cold, stiff, sel- 
fish and indifferent, by those who know 
their dispositions best ; out of sight, out 
of mind. 

The love of friendship is a very dif- 
ferent and distinct quality of love from 
that which is manifested by the sexual 
propensity. The love of friendship is 
manifested equally toward both male 
and female. It never discriminates be- 
tween the sexes, unless it is duly in- 
fluenced by the sexual instinct, then a 
preference is made most manifest. But 
the organ of Amativeness clearly indi- 
cates its function by a distinct tendency 
and preference in a love for the opposite 
sex. 



THE PHRENOLOGICAL ORGANS. 



29 



There are many people who believe 
that love is love, and emanates from 
one common source or faculty. Love 
of the opposite sex, love of friends, and 
love of children are functionally as dis- 
tinct as the senses of feeling, hearing, 
smelling, and tasting. 

Friendship is the golden thread that 
is so strongly interwoven in our great 
social fabric. It manifests itself in a 
friendly greeting or by a cordial hand 
shake. The organ is small in those 
who allow you to do the shaking. Be 
shy of the hand that is cold, clammy, 
indifferent, and negative; I would as 
soon pick up a cold, clammy fish. 




Fig. 37. Mental Temperament, Causality 
and Friendship Large 

Those in whom this faculty is weak 
are unfortunate as they are correspond- 
ingly weak in social power and in- 
fluence, and possess little or no person- 
al magnetism. It is a psychic quality 
most essential to the politician, the phy- 
sician, clergyman and salesman. The 
organs of Friendship, Mirthfulness, 
Eventuality, Comparison, Imitation and 
Language make up the combination of 
faculties essential to a good story teller. 

The strong feeling of friendship has 
found expression through the poet's 
pen in lines of tender est affection. 



"The heart like a tendril accustomed 
to cling, 
Let it grow where it will, cannot 
flourish alone; 
But will lean to the nearest and love- 
liest thing, 
It can twine with itself, and make 
closely its own." 



INHAB1TIVENESS. 



This organ is situated on the median 
line in the center of the back head im- 
mediately above Philoprogenitiveness, 
and just below the organ of Continuity. 
There is often a bony excrescence of 
considerable prominence at this point in 
the head, the presence of which is some- 
times mistaken by the amateur phren- 
ologist for the organ of Inhabitiveness. 

The function of this organ is the love 
of home, country, city, town, neigh- 
borhood, room, bed, and same place at 
the table. Those in whom the organ of 
Locality is moderate or small, and In- 
habitiveness large, are averse to travel. 
If the distance is short and time limited 
they can take a trip, but are restless and 
uneasy until they get back home. They 
always feel better returning than going 
from home. 

Those in whom this home-loving in- 
stinct is small, and the organs of Lo- 
cality and Friendship are large, love to 
travel and see new places, and if Sub- 
limity and Ideality are large, enjoy the 
beauties and grandeur of mountain 
scenery. They are ramblers and gad- 
abouts, never contented in one place 
long at a time. 

Those who possess the unfortunate 
group of organs embracing large Se- 
cretiveness, large Friendship, large In- 
dividuality, and small Inhabitiveness 
are gossips, tale mongers, and revel in 
stirring up enmity between neighbors 
and friends. 

Its normal manifestation in connec- 
tion with strong social power is the love 
of home comforts, sweetness of domes- 
tic life, neighborly and friendly patri- 
otic citizenship. 



30 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



CONTINUITY. 



The location of this organ is on the 
median line immediately above Inhab- 
itiveness and below Self- Esteem. 

The functional manifestation of this 
faculty is mental application, stick-to- 
it-iveness, thoroughness, consecutive 
thought and feeling. This faculty reg- 
ulates the application of the other facul- 
ties of the mind, and serves as a balance 
wheel to their operations. 



accumulating a great number and var- 
iety of unfinished things; jump readily 
from one thing to another. They be- 
lieve that, "Variety is the spice of life." 
This faculty is not strong in the 
average American; he works rapidly 
and changes quickly from one thing to 
another, thus resourceful and versatile 
in the application of his mental powers. 
It prevents persons with otherwise 
strong intellectual faculties from be- 
coming close students or thorough 
scholars. I examined the head of a 




Fig. 38. E. Burton Holmes, Continuity large. The head mounts high from base to top. Ambition strong 



Those who possess this faculty to a 
strong degree are very tedious, prolix, 
patient and thorough in whatever they 
do. Their motto is, "Whatever is 
worth doing at all, is worth doing 
well." A deficiency in this organ gives 
a very changeable disposition to those 
who are so constituted. If they have a 
sensitive temperament with large Com- 
bativeness they are impetuous, impa- 
tient and manifest violent fits of tem- 
per. They multiply their troubles by 



young man in Ann Arbor, Mich., a few 
years ago, in whom I found the organs 
of Continuity and Language very large. 
I described him as a very close and 
thorough student, and if he would 
study the languages he could surely 
learn them with great ease and facility. 
A fellow student who was present at 
the examination, and by the way of 
corroboration, informed me that my 
client had accomplished a most extra- 
ordinary feat in learning in six months 



THE SELFISH PROPENSITIES. 



31 



what is required in a two years' course 
in the Latin language. 

Through the influence of this faculty 
some men with very ordinary intellec- 
tual ability attain to a higher degree 
of success through their persistent ap- 
plication to their chosen pursuit, than 
men who are much more talented and 
brilliant, but weak in application. 



VITATIVENESS. 



The desire to live and cling to life 
has been as fully and conclusively de- 
monstrated in the natural history of the 
human race as any primary faculty in 
the human mind. Men and animals 
will cling tenaciously to, and fight for, 
and stretch the thread of longevity to 
its greatest possible length, even under 
the pressure of the most hopeless and 
oppressive burdens, diseases and ad- 
verse circumstances. 

The poet-laureate sang: 

"'Tis Life, whereof our nerves scent, 
O' life, not death, for which we want 
More life, and fuller, that I want." 

The function of this propensity is a:^ 
innate desire to live ai'd exist as lone 
as possible in this world; and when 
death is inevitable it inspires faith and 
hope with a vision that sees an imagin- 
ary star that lights the borderland of 
another world, which relieves the sting 
of death to many people. 

The size of this organ determines to 
a great extent the length of a person's 
life. I have found this organ large in 
many persons; and when I ventured 
to give the approximate length of the 
lives of their immediate ancestors from 
whom they had inherited this strong 
propensity to live; they readilv con- 
firmed my observation. See Fig. 39. 

The organ of this propensity is situ- 
ated at the basis of the middle and pos- 
terior lobes of the brain, where they 
intersect each other. 

It is partiallv covered bv the pos- 
terior edge of the mastoid process, 
a bony projection back of the ear, 
which the amateur phrenologist con- 



cludes, after an examination of his own 
head, that it is the "Bump" of Com- 
bativeness. Mr. Combe says, "The 
mastoid process is the asses' bridge over 
which the incipient phrenologists have 
to pass." 



COMBATIVENESS. 



This organ is situated about two 
inches backward and a little upward 
from the opening of the ear, and corre- 
sponds to the posterior inferior angle of 
the parietal bone. See Fig. 39. The 
function of this propensity is aggres- 
sion, courage, boldness, opposition, self- 
protection, desire to overcome obstacles 
and a get-out-of-my-way-let-me-alone 
disposition. It is to the organ of De- 
structiveness what powder is to the bul- 
let. When very large it manifests it- 
self in a contrary, fault-finding, quar- 
relsome disposition When balanced 
with Cautiousness and strong reason- 
ing faculties, its power is most effective 
for good. It gives energy and force to 
character. When Combativeness and 
Acquisitiveness are both large in a per- 
son he manifests great energy and in- 
dustry in business affairs. 

It is admirably adapted to inspire a 
man with the necessary pluck to con- 
tend for his rights and not allow others 
to impose on him. 

A strong degree of it is very essen- 
tial to great leaders and magnanimous 
characters. 

Large Combativeness, cautiousness 
and an excitable nervous temperament 
give an impatient, restless, snappy, 
hesitating, irritable, unsettled, disagree- 
able disposition. 

When it is strong enough to give a 
person a violent temper he should 
avoid such circumstances as tend to stir 
up the combative spirit. See Fig. 23. 



DESTRUCTIVENESS. 



This organ is situated immediately 
above the opening of the ear. The 
width of the head at this point determ- 
ines the size of the organ. See Figs. 
38-39- 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



The primary function of this propen- 
sity is the impulse to destroy. Com 
bativeness gives courage and resent- 
ment, while Destructiveness gives the 
desire to destroy, crush out, tear down 
and obliterate whatever is in opposition 
to man's wants and desires. 

The fact that such an instinct is fun- 
damental in the minds of men and ani- 
mals is abundantly proven by the his- 
tory of its strong manifestation in the 



power and activity of this propensity. 

The herbiverous animal that does not 
depend upon flesh food for its existence, 
has only a moderate development of 
the organ of Destructiveness, and no 
equipments in the form of fang, claw, 
or beak with which to destroy the lives 
of other animals and birds. In the 
whole history of the evolutionary de- 
velopment of the different species of the 
animal kingdom, from the lowest ori- 




Fig. 39. Prince Bismarck, The Iron Chancellor. A large head, Combativeness]and Destructiveness, larg< 



human race and in certain species of the 
animal and feathered tribes. The car- 
niverous animals, like the birds that be- 
long to the falcon family, have wide 
heads and large, scythe formed fangs, 
beaks and claws, which are the natural 
instruments they employ in destroying 
the life of their prey. These instru- 
ments of destruction conform perfectly 
in their adaptation to the functional 



mate to man, there has not been as 
great an exhibition of this destructive 
propensity in a given species as in the 
human race. Almost every chapter, in 
the history of man is highly colored 
with his own blood. There is not an 
organ in the human brain that has 
given a clearer demonstration of its ex- 
istence as a fundamental psychic power 
than this destructive propensity. 



DESTRUCTIVENESS. 



33 



Its normal manifestation gives exec- 
utive force to character; it enables a 
man to execute and push his plans or 
causes right over and through obstacles 
and battle down all opposition until he 
accomplishes his end. Persons in whom 
this organ is large are fond of animal 
food. 

The abnormal development of this 
propensity leads to savage cruelty, re- 
venge, bitter malice and murder. It 
gives a severe, stern, cloudy, heavy ex- 
pression to the face. The facial expres- 
sion of Bismarck illustrates its influence 
over the countenance. 

Sir Walter Scott describes its ab- 
normal manifestation as "the ruffian 
thirst for blood." 




Fig. 40. Destructivcness very large. A strong type of 
the criminal head 



AUMENTIVENESS. 



This organ gives an instinctive de- 
sire, relish and appetite for food, and 
produces hunger when not gratified. It 
is most admirably adapted to the re- 
quirements of the vital and nutritive 
system of man and animals. It is the 
first instinct to manifest itself in the 
newly born babe, kitten, cub, or chicken. 

The gratification of this organ, if it 
is large and strong, with a healthy di- 
gestion, affords great pleasure and en- 



joyment to those who are so happily 
constituted. 

The abnormal development and man- 
ifestation of this gustatory propensity 
is gormandizing and gluttony; hence, 
sometimes dyspepsia and all its contin- 
gent evils. 

The digestive organs to which this 
propensity is directly related lie at the 
very foundation of health and happi- 
ness. There is not an organ in the hu- 
man brain that is so subject to abuse 
and that is perverted to such a degree, 
as this particular instinct. The larger 
the organ the more liable it is to abuse 
and perversion unless restrained by the 
balancing power of other organs. 

The strength and keenness of the ap- 
petite can be determined by the width 
of the head at the point where the or- 
gan is located, which is in front and a 




Fig. 41. Motive Mental Temperament. 
Destructiveness Moderate 

little above the opening of the ear, and 
under the zygomatic process and the 
temporal muscle. Its peculiar situation 
makes it, in cases where this muscle is 
thick and rounds out the head at this 
point, more difficult to determine its 
size than any of the other phrenological 
organs. This organ is from full to 
large, and often very large in those who 
possess the Vital Temperament. The 
happiness of man varies according to 
the development of his phrenological 
organs, temperamental conditions and 
circumstances. The table with its 
tempting viands appeals more strongly 



3-1 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



to the man with a well rounded Vital 
Temperament and large Alimentive- 
ness as a source of enjoyment than do 
all other objects of pleasure combined. 
Thomas B. Reed's head was wide in 
the region of this organ. See Fig-. 26. 



The normal function of this propen- 
sity is to get, accumulate and hoard 
property in some form or other ; and is 
most perfectly adapted to man's wants 
and needs ; and when balanced and con- 
trolled by the superior faculties stimu- 



4/ 




Fig. 42. Andrew Carnegie Large Constructiveness and Acquisitiveness. 



ACQUISITIVENESS. 



This organ is located in front of the 
organs of Destructiveness and Secre- 
tiveness, and immediately above the or- 
gan of Alimentiveness. It belongs to 
that group of selfish instincts that en- 
able a man to "lock out for number 
one," and it prompted the utterance of 
the old maxim, "Self-preservation is 
the first law of nature." 



*ates him to 1 thrifty, industrious habits, 
and the development of business and 
financial ability. 

The abnormal manifestation of its 
functional power is a grasping, close- 
fisted, stingy, penurious, miserly dispo- 
sition. When the moral faculties are 
weak, and the organ of Secretiveness is 
large, it leads to criminal offences, such 
as thieving, burglary, all kinds of trick- 
ery, low, cunning and sharp practice in 
business affairs that will in any way 



ACQUISITIVENESS. 



35 



contribute to its sordid and avaricious 
gratification. Professional thieves, 
burglars and pickpockets have the or- 
gans of Acquisitiveness and Secretive- 
ness large, which is clearly illustrated 
in Figs. 40 and 5 1 . 

This propensity manifests itself dif- 
ferently in men, according to their 
moral and intellectual calibre, environ- 
ment, education and culture. An edu- 
cated, broad-minded man, for example, 
will direct his acquiring instinctive ten- 
dencies in a very different manner from 
the man who possesses an equal degree 
of power in this propensity, but has a 
shallow, narrow, contracted, unedu- 
cated intellect. 

In the major part of the human race 
this propensity to acquire must by the 
very nature of its function be incessant- 
ly combated, checked and counteracted 
by the restraining influence of the 
moral sentiments, and the fear of penal 
enactments. 

The sentiment of honesty and sense 
of justice never enter the brain of the 
fox as to whether it is right or wrong 
to stealthily invade the farmer's barn- 
yard to rob his hen roost, but his Cau- 
tiousness and the fear of being discov- 
ered and caught, and not his consci- 
ence determine the selection of the time 
of least possible danger for his act. 

There are men who lead fairly up- 
right lives that, so far as the influence 
of their conscience is concerned, would 
not hesitate to abandon themselves to 
appropriating and purloining- whatever 
they thought would supply their wants, 
but for the restraining influence of a 
fear of the law. 

It is no part of the acquisitive func- 
tion of this faculty to sit in judgment 
and determine what is right or wrong 
in the moral ethics of a man's daily life, 
or the methods employed in its own 
gratification, but to get and appropriate 
for its own selfish purpose whatever it 
desires to possess, wholly regardless of 
the manner of acquisition. 

The father was evidentlv actuated 
by the strong influence of this propen- 
sity when he said, "Mv son, eo and 
make money; make it honestly if you 



can, but make money." His consci- 
ence was manifestly of the common, 
commercial, elastic type; and his dis- 
criminating judgment of the higher in- 
tellectual and moral faculties was sub- 
ject to the controlling influence of this 
instinct. There possibly has never been 
a time in the history of the human race 
when this propensity has been more in- 
fluential in firing the brains of men with 




Fig. 43. Li Hung Chang, Large Acquisitiveness in 
a large head 



commercial enthusiasm and sordid mo- 
tives than the present. 

This organ is large in the heads of 
great financiers. They not only have a 
marked degree of this instinct, but they 
have large brains which are developed 
in the parts or centers that give power 
pi intellect and executive ability in 
pushing their business affairs. 

Mr. Carnegie's head, Fig. 42, fur- 
nishes a splendid illustration of the or- 
gans of Acquisitiveness and Construc- 
tiveness as indicated by the arrow and 
star. His constructive and organizing 
talent, as indicated by the marked width 
of the head where the star is situated. 



36 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



give him extraordinary mechanical in- 
genuity, and ability to construct, build 
and organize his resources into well 
laid plans, and thereby materialize sub- 
stantial results. 



Few men are able to control and 
master this instinct to acquire, and keep 
it within the strict bounds of the high- 
est standard of honesty and integ- 
rity. Can any man say, with his 





Fig. 44. Parnell, the Irish Leader, Refined organization 



Fig. 45. Harry Tracy, The Western Outlaw. 

Motive Temperament, Wide Head, Determined 

facial expression. Grit and Pluck are 

written all over the face 



The deep, broad, expansive forehead 
in the middle and lower sections indi- 
cates quick, ready and accurate obser- 
vation, and a good memory of what he 
sees and hears, and a clear, keen intui- 
tive judgment in the analysis of facts 
and principles, correct in opinion and 
prompt in decision. He stands as pre- 
eminently a financial genius as Thomas 
A. Edison does an inventive genius. 
Mr. Carnegie's phrenology and the his- 
tory of his life correspond to the min- 
utest detail with his character. Thus 
reaffirming the most perfect test rule 
by which Dr. Gall determined the sci- 
ence of phrenology when he was mak- 
ing his observations and discoveries of 
the functions of the brain; and this 
same test rule has been as successfully 
applied by many close observers and 
students of human nature to the heads 
of hundreds and thousands of people, 
of all races and nationalities in the 
various walks of life, as it has been ap- 
plied to Mr. Carnegie's head and life 
history. 



hand on his heart, that the desire 
to acquire and possess has never 
led him across the boundary line 
of honesty, integrity and justice into 
the marsh and mire of moral degener- 
acy? For many centuries the belief 
has been maintained that he who com- 
mits crime after crime of the most bru- 
tal type, is "possessed" of, and con- 
trolled by the '"devil," who, in some 
mysterious manner, and through some 
mysterious avenue that leads to the in- 
ner sanctuary of the man's mind, takes 
absolute possession of his soul and body 
and then and there decrees and compels 
his victim to commit the most crim- 
inal offenses known to human history. 

Applied phrenology and physiognomy 
to the forms of the heads, faces and 
temperamental conditions of the crim- 
inal class, have revealed an array of 
indisputable facts in the hidden springs 
of criminal character and motive, and 
demonstrated that the belief in the mys- 
terious operations of the "devil" in the 
mind of the criminal is a mvth ; and 



ACQUISITIVENESS. 



37 



that his evil deeds and criminal acts are 
attributable to the excessive develop- 
ment and abnormal activity of his un- 
restrained selfish propensities. 

The heads and faces of Figs. 30-45 
illustrate the extraordinary develop- 
ment of the propensities that led these 
men and women to criminal deeds, the 
penitentiary and gallows. Compare 
their heads and faces with Figs. 44-54 
and note the striking contrast between 



squirrel collect food and store it away 
for their future wants. Many species 
of the feathered tribe gather food and 
store it away for future use. 

Those who live all their lives in ex- 
treme poverty and never accumulate a 
margin for the misfortunes of sickness 
and the helpless condition of old age, 
and die in the poor house, are not pos- 
sessed of strong Acquisitiveness. The 
unequal division of wealth has given 




Fig. 46. J. Priepont Morgan, A deep forehead, strong face 



their forms and expressions. Phren- 
ology not only points out the criminal 
head and face, but the particular crimes 
his ruling propensity leads him to com- 
mit. 

I have examined the heads of many 
criminals and have classified and point- 
ed out their respective offenses. This 
propensity is found in many species of 
the lower animals. The cat, dog and 



the moral philosopher, political econom- 
ist and statesman one of the most com- 
plex problems that has yet appealed to 
them for solution. Phrenology teaches 
that it is as natural for some men to ac- 
cumulate wealth as it is natural for a 
musical genius to make music. The 
man whose acquisitive instinct is weak 
can never cope with the man in whom 
it is large in the great struggle for 



88 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



financial supremacy. The wealth of the 
human race has boon in all ages and will 
continue to be unequally divided 
so long as this financial instinct and 
talent varies in its degrees of natural 
development in the brains of men. 

Heredity and environment will con- 
tinue to differentiate talent and vary 
the degrees of development in the size 
and functional power of this wealth ac- 
cumulating propensity up to the final 
expiration of the last generation of the 
human race. 

The sociologist and politico-philo- 
sopher who will abandon their abstract 
and theoretical speculations and learn 
to read the facts contained in the 
natural history of man's physical and 
psychic powers, where they will find the 
requisite data from which to deduce a 
logical cause for the unequal distribu- 
tion of brain power as a whole, and a 
particular brain center that gives a spe- 
cial talent and genius to one and not 
another, will arrive at a correct solu- 
tion of the great problem of the un- 
equal distribution of brain power and 
wealth. 




Fig. 47. A female delinquent. Selfish Propensities very 

large. The head is low and wide. The 

Moral faculties weak 

SECRETIVENESS. 
The brain center in which this pro- 
pensity is located and through which it 
is manifested is situated at the lower 
edge of the parietal bones between De- 



structiveness and Cautiousness. The 
extreme width of the head at the point 
indicated by the arrow in Fig. No. 47, 
reveals to the observing eye an abnor- 
mal development of this organ; the 
propensity of which was most strongly 
manifested by this girl whose history 
corresponds in detail with her very low 
and extremely wide head. 

She was treacherous, cunning, de- 
ceitful, sly, foxy, and ungovernable; 
could not be trusted under any circum- 
stances, and finally to add further dis- 
grace to the sorrow and humiliation of 
her parents ran away from home. 



*-*?-' 



& Jm 



. SI— - 



Fig. 48. Secretiveness Large. The man with an evil eye, 

Head is wide through the middle section at 

the point of the arrow 

"For evil seemed that old man's eye, 
Dark and designing, fierce yet shy, 
Still he avoided forward look, 
But slow and circumspectly took 
A circling never-ceasing glance 
By doubt and cunning marked at once.'' 

Observe Fig. 48. 

The function of this propensity is to 
conceal thoughts, plans, restrain feel- 
ings and impart self-governing power 
to the active impulses of the other facul- 
ties. When abnormally developed and 
unrestrained by Conscientiousness it 
manifests itself in the diversified and 
perverted forms of deception, duplicity, 



SECRETIVENESS AND CAUTIOUSNESS. 



39 



hypocrisy, in evasive answers to ques- 
tions, and in all kinds of dodges, do- 
ings and clandestine maneuvres. It 
prompts the slanderous tongue to re- 



CAUTIOUSNESS. 



The organ of Cautiousness is located 
nearly in the center of the parietal 




'f 



it: «K 




Fig. 50. Closed up. Secretiveness Large, 
Con. Man and Sneak Thief 



Fig. 49. Professional Pickpocket. An expression 
of injured innocence 



vile and defame the good name of the 
innocent. Notorious thieves, burglars 
and confidence men have this organ 
large, as indicated by the arrow in the 
heads represented in Figs. 49-50. 

Shakespeare, with keen observation 
and clear insight into the dark and 
shady side of human nature, has por- 
trayed this trait of character with 
marked correctness. Iago says : 

"Utter my thoughts ! Why, say they're 

vile and false — 
As where's that palace whereinto foul 

things 
Sometimes intrude not ? Who has a 

breast so pure, 
But some uncleanly apprehensions 
Keep leets and law-days, and sessions 

sit 
With meditations lawful. " 

— Othello, Act iii, Scene 5. 



bones where the head rounds off on 
each side to form the back and top 
head. In most people the head at this 
point is wider than any other section. 
The width in this region of the head 
indicates the size, strength and weak- 
ness of this faculty. Its situation is 
the most easily determined of any of 
the phrenological organs on account of 
its conspicuous location. 

It belongs to that group of organs 
which are classed as the selfish senti- 
ments. 

The function of this organ is self- 
protection, and thus it prompts men 
and animals to be cautious, watchful, 
on the alert and lookout to see that con- 
tingent evils are not obstructing the 
way. 

When abnormally developed it mani- 
fests itself in the form of fear, solici- 
tude, anxiety, suspicion, cowardice, 
and foreshadows the future with pros- 
pective evils and dangers of the most 
frightful character. Small children in 
whom this organ is large should never 
be permitted to listen to the narration 



40 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



of ghost stories, or threatened with 
the alarming and hideous presence of 
the "bogie" man, a trick which is em- 
ployed by many mothers to correct their 
disobedient children. 

There is not an organ in the brain 
that will put the whole nervous system 
on edge, or in a state of irritation, or 
that will so depress the mind with dis- 
mal gloom, and shadow the future with 
the horrors of life as an excessive de- 
velopment of Cautiousness, and espe- 
cially when Hope is small. 

In the manifestation of its normal 
and legitimate function, it stands upon 
the watch tower of the mind and safely 
directs its possessor through the con- 
tingent perils and dangers of life to 
his final destination. 




Fig. 51. The Most Notorious Confidence Man in the 

United States. A good intellect, large 

selfish propensities 



APPROBATIVENESS. 



This faculty is generically a selfish 
sentiment, as indicated in its functional 
manifestation, which is the love of 
praise, admiration, politeness, affabil- 
ity, display, distinction, fame, notoriety, 
a good name and love of popularity. 



When abnormally developed it mani- 
fests itself in vanity, ceremonious dis- 
play, pomposity, aristocratic conven- 
tionalities, and formalities, and is most 
susceptible to flattery. 

Those who have the organs of Ap- 
probativeness and Secretiveness large, 
and Conscientiousness small, or mod- 
erate, are much given to the practice of 
deception, lying, boasting of great 
things they never performed, and 
praising their own abilities and accom- 
plishments, often to the disgust of 
others. 

Burns understood the vanity mani- 
fested by this faculty — 

"O wad some Pow'r the giftie gie us! 
To see oursels as others see us ! 
It wad frae monie a blunder free us 

And foolish notion 
What airs in dress an' gait wad lea'e us, 

And ev'n Devotion!" 

There are many people like the pea- 
cock that spreads his plumage to the 
breezes and struts proudly and vainly 
about to exhibit himself; they love to 
attract attention and excite admiration. 

Those in whom this sentiment of 
vanity is strong, and the intellectual 
faculties, Ideality, Constructiveness and 
Order are moderate or small, often 
make most ridiculous demonstrations 
of their vain conception of dress and 
manners. 

The manifestation of this faculty is 
mistaken by many people * for Self- 
Esteem; but the two organs are very 
much differentiated in function. Self- 
Esteem gives that self-sufficient, self- 
complacent and independent, don't- 
care-what-others-think kind of feeling, 
while Approbativeness manifests a de- 
sire for approval and encouraging com- 
pliments from others; hence, not self- 
sufficient. Persons in whom Self-Esteem 
is large anid Approbativeness small 
never concern themselves about what 
others think or say about them; but 
those who have small Self-Esteem and 
large Approbativeness are wide awake 
to the opinions and comments of others. 
They are very unhappy when in disfa- 
vor , but very happy when praised and 
admired. 



SELF-ESTEEM. 



41 



Dr. Gall draws a well defined line of 
distinction between Pride and Vanity, 
which are perversions of Self-Esteem 
and Approbativeness. He says : "The 
proud man is imbued with a sentiment 
of his own superior merit, and from the 
summit of his grandeur treats with con- 
tempt or indifference all other mortals ; 
the vain man attaches the utmost im- 
portance to the opinions entertained of 
him by others, and seeks with eager- 
ness to gain their approbation. The 
proud man expects the world to come 
to him and acknowledge his merit; the 
vain man knocks at every door to draw 
attention toward him and supplicates 
for the smallest portion of honor. The 
proud man despises those marks of dis- 
tinction which on the vain confer the 
most perfect delight. The proud man 
is disgusted by indiscreet eulogiums; 
the vain man inhales with ecstasy the 
incense of flattery, although profusely 
offered, and with no very skillful 
hand." 

Mr. Combe says the "Love of Appro- 
bation is the drill-sergeant of society, 
and admonishes us when we depart too 
widely from the line of march. It is 
the butt, on which wit strikes, and 
which enables ridicule to shame us out 
of faults and improprieties." 

The organ of Approbativeness is sit- 
uated on each side of the organ of Self- 
Esteem and a little upward and back- 
ward from the organ of Cautiousness. 
When it is large there is a very marked 
peripheral expansion of the head at the 
point immediately between the organs 
of Self-Esteem and Cautiousness. It is 
an easy organ to locate on account of 
the prominence of the group of organs 
of which it is a prominent member. 

It was large in Roscoe Conkling's 
head. He was both proud and vain. 



SELF-ESTEEM. 



This organ is situated immediately 
above the sagital angle of the parietal 
bones in the crown of the head, which 
is illustrated in Fig. 52. The 
distance from the opening of the ear to 



the crown of the head determines the 
size of this organ. 

The function of this organ is the 
manifestation of personal independence, 
self-reliance, dignity, self-respect, self- 
complacency, pride, love of freedom, 
self-aspiring and self-governing in- 
stinct. 




Fig. 52. Self-Esteem and Firmness, both organs large 

The abnormal manifestation of this 
faculty is superciliousness, egotism, 
boldness, tyranny, haughtiness, disdain 
and an imperious dogmatic disposition. 
A normal development of this self-in- 
spiring instinct is a most essential ele- 
ment in the human mind, and especi- 
ally in a character where the possibili- 
ties of the intellectual powers are very 
great. I have examined the heads of 
many persons in whom 1 found the or- 
gan of Self-Esteem very large, and in 
every instance discovered a superabund- 
ance of conclusive evidence of its ab- 
normal manifestation. I have never 
found, however, a person who thought 
or would admit that he had too much 
Self-Esteem. There is not a faculty in 
the human mind that when large will so 
completely blind a person to his own 
defects of character and faults as the 
abnormal development of this selfish 
instinct. 

Self-Esteem is large in both the Eng- 
lish and American people, and also in 
the North American Indians. The great 
strength of this faculty of self-reliance 
precluded all possibility of the white 
race subjecting the North American 
Aborigines to slavery. The Negro, 



49 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



who so easily and readily submitted to 
the rule of authority in slavery, repre- 
sents a very different combination of 
faculties. He possesses large Approba- 
tiveness, Mirthfulness and Agreeable- 
ness. and generally a normal develop- 
ment of the organ of Destructiveness, 
and a pliable temperament. 

The Indian possesses large Self-Es- 
teem. Firmness, Destructiveness, Secre- 
tiveness, and a firm, wiry temperament ; 
hence, he was born to rule and not to 
be ruled. 

Great leaders are, and should be, pos- 
sessed of a strong development of this 
ruling instinct. 

Self-Esteem often restrains men 
from forming improper social relations 
and elevates them to a higher standard 
of social environment. Children who 
have large Self-Esteem are often pettish, 
willful, and hard to please. Adults are 
not always free from the ugly, dis- 
agreeable phase of this faculty. 

Mr. Combe says of the man in whom 
Self-Esteem is large : "The man of in- 
ordinate Self-Esteem is a world unto 
himself, to which all things must con- 
centrate; a standard to which the man- 
ners, morals and opinions of others 
ought, he thinks, to conform. This feel- 
ing in predominance is, to a great ex- 
tent, the foundation of that intolerant 
zeal so frequently manifested by pro- 
fessing Christians on behalf of their 
sectarian views." 

Cowper says: "There is no grace 
that the spirit of self can counterfeit 
with more success than a religious 
zeal." 



FIRMNESS. 



This organ is situated at the posterior 
top head on the median line, immedi- 
ately above Self-Esteem and back of 
Veneration. A line drawn from the 
opening of the ear upward and slightly 
backward to the top head, will give the 
location of Firmness. It is one of the 
easiest organs in the top head to locate. 
The perpendicular line in Fig. 52 points 



to the location of this organ. This or- 
gan manifests no direct psychic relation 
to external objects; but. its processes 
and influence are directly connected 
with the other faculties, and give sus- 
taining power to them ; thus, when op- 
erating in combination with Veneration 
it produces a determined, persistent, re- 
ligious zeal in those who are strongly 
possessed of these two organs; with 
Combativeness it produces determined 
bravery, and, when operating with Con- 
scientiousness, unyielding, inflexible in- 
tegrity. 

The psychological process and influ- 
ence of this faculty are limited to the 
other faculties and terminate in the 
mind itself. Large Firmness and Self- 
Esteem produce strong will power and 
persistent determination. 

The organs of Firmness, Self-esteem, 
Combativeness and Destructiveness 
manifest in their combined functional 
operation the power of the will; the 
force and propelling influence which is 
injected into the functional powers of 
the other faculties ; it is that quality of 
the mind which has been treated so ex- 
tensively by both the old and the new 
school psychologists. 

The doctrine of the will as treated by 
the old school psychologists has prac- 
tically been abandoned, and is now sup- 
planted by the new, which is clearly set 
forth in the following extract from 
"The Riddle of the Universe," by Pro- 
fessor Haeckel, who is one of the great- 
est exponents of modern physio-psy- 
chology, as based upon the doctrine of 
brain and psychic evolution : 

"We now know that each act of the 
will is as fatally determined by the or- 
ganization of the individual and as de- 
pendent on the momentary condition of 
his environment as every other psychic 
activity. The character of the inclina- 
tion was determined long ago by hered- 
ity from parents and ancestors ; the de- 
termination to each particular act is an 
instance of adaptation to the circum- 
stances of the moment wherein the 
strongest motive prevails, according to 
the laws which govern the statics of 
emotion. Ontogeny teaches us to un- 



FIRMNESS AND CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. 



43 



derstand the evolution of the will in the 
individual child. Philogeny reveals to 
us the historical development of the will 
within the ranks of our vertebrate an- 
cestors." 

Professor Haeckel's analysis of the 
will is the most scientific and logical 
that has been given by the psychologists 
of either the old or new schools. But 
he did not tell us where the organs that 
determine the power and strength of 



I have examined the heads of many 
persons in whom I found the organs of 
Firmness, Self-Esteem, Combativeness 
and Destructiveness large, and in every 
instance I found a corresponding de- 
gree of will power an invariable con- 
comitant to this group of organs in 
the brain. And when I found them 
small or moderately developed in the 
head, the invariable concomitant was 
a corresponding degree of will power. 




Fig. 53. Theodore Roosevelt. Conscientiousness and Firmness Large 



the will are situated in the brain, or 
why one person manifests this quality 
of mind to a greater degree under the 
same or similar circumstances than an- 
other person. Phrenology points out 
with unerring certainty the combination 
of organs in the brain that determines 
the functional power of the will. 



If Professors Haeckel, Romains and 
other advanced scientific investigators 
had availed themselves of Dr. Gall's 
treatment of the functions of the brain 
they would not be scrambling in the 
shadows of what they conceive to be 
more or less a mystery connected with 
the functions of the brain. They would 



44 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



have learned that the organs of the 
brain and their functions had been dis- 
covered and located. 



CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. 



This organ is situated between the 
organs of Firmness and Cautiousness 
in the posterior section of the coronal 
region of the head. 

The function of this organ is the 
manifestation of honesty, integrity, love 
of truth, moral excellence, regard 
for duty and obligation; the Monitor 
of Justice and Equity. It is not a 
part of the functional process of this 
faculty to discriminate and de- 
termine what is right or wrong, 
but it injects an influence into 
the intellectual faculties to discrim- 
inate between right and wrong by trac- 
ing out the relation of cause and effect, 
premises and results, and consequent 
bearing upon their connection with the 
conduct of man and his moral relation 
to his fellow man, and all other objects 
by which he is surrounded. When the 
intellectual faculties deduce from given 
data a conclusion that leads to a certain 
course of action or course of conduct, 
the result of which is just and right, 
Conscientiousness is not only im- 
pressed with a most happy, contented, 
and gratified feeling, but all the facul- 
ties concerned in the process of form- 
ing the conclusion that produced the 
good result. On the other hand, where 
the intellectual faculties are not strong, 
or the deductions that are drawn from 
incorrect premises lead to evil results, 
the guilt of an abused conscience pro- 
duces an unhappy condition of the 
psychic faculties that formed the con- 
clusions that led to evil results. There- 
fore the cause is plain and the reason is 
clear why men honestly commit great 
wrongs when their intentions are to do 
right; they err in Judgment and not in 
Conscience. 

The reciprocal influence that oper- 
ates between the faculty of Conscienti- 



ousness and other faculties is greatly 
differentiated and in many instances 
strongly accentuated. The organ of 
this sentiment of justice, honesty and 
integrity must necessarily be large and 
strong in function and influence to hold 
a person within the strictest limits of 
honesty, honor and integrity, against 
the influence of the animal propensities 
that are strongly developed in the aver- 
age head. 

This faculty is the most important of 
any of the moral or intellectual facul- 
ties. A man may be possessed of large 
organs of Benevolence and Veneration, 
but if Conscientiousness is small his 
benevolent deeds and religious devo- 
tions are most liable to be brought into 
disrepute through the manifestation of 
dishonesty in some form or other. Per- 
son in whom both Conscientiousness 
and Acquisitiveness are large will mani- 
fest a grasping, close-fisted disposition, 
at the same time they will be honest in 
their dealings ; they will give full meas- 
ure but nothing over; the scales must 
balance to a pennyweight. If Acquisi- 
tiveness is moderate or average and 
Benevolence large the beam in the 
scales will tip in favor of the customer ; 
on the other hand, if Benevolence is 
moderate or small and Conscientious- 
ness full or average, and Acquisitive- 
ness large, the beam tips in their own 
favor. 

Persons who possess large Con- 
scientiousness, Approbativeness, Cau- 
tiousness and Self-Esteem, attach great 
importance to their own character, 
good name and word, which they re- 
gard as sacred, and must pass without 
question. They are the soul of honor. 
I have examined the heads of many 
criminals in whom this organ was in- 
variably small or moderate, and the 
strong influence of their predominating 
propensities determined their ill-fated 
mental condition. The criminal classes 
will never receive the proper treatment, 
training and culture from the hands 
of the public until legislators and the 
proper public officials learn and 
come to know the innate causes and mo- 
tives that lead them to commit criminal 



THE FACULTY OF HOPE. 



45 



offenses and enact laws appropriate to 
the proper treatment of the criminal 
classes. 

The child that has inherited a large 
organ of Conscientiousness from an 
honest ancestry is most fortunate, and 
the child that inherits bat a small por- 
tion of this organ is most unfortunate 
and is to be pitied and not censured for 
his proneness to evil doing. 

The organs of Conscientiousness and 
Firmness are both large in President 
Theodore Roosevelt's head (Fig. 53). 
as indicated in the arrows 1 and 2. His 
head is well rounded out in the crown 
where Self-Esteem is located. He has 
a strong moral group of organs which 
govern the strong animal instincts 
that give marked width through the 
base of the brain, just above the ears, 
where Destructiveness and Combative- 
ness are situated. He has decided abil- 
ity and strength of character portrayed 
in thi.t well rounded, broad, tall head. 

Solomon says: "All the ways of 
man are clean in his own eyes, but the 
Lord weigheth the spirits." 



HOPE. 

This organ is located immediately in 
front of the organ of Conscientiousness 
and on each side of Veneration. 

Hope is the faculty that injects faith 
and great expectation into the desires 
of the other faculties, and leads to the 
belief in the attainment of whatever 
they desire. Thus, a person in whom 
large Hope is combined with large Ac- 
quisitiveness, naturally expects to be- 
come rich; if Approbativeness is also 
large, expects to become a power in af- 
fluence and influence; if Self-Esteem is 
also large the possibilities of becoming 
rich are estimated as more than proba- 
ble, if the constructive talent is strong, 
expects to revolutionize the world with 
great inventions. 

It has been maintained by some psy- 
chologists that Hope is an active ele- 
ment in the desire of every fundamental 
psychic activity of the mind, and is not 
a primitive faculty. This position is as 



erroneous as it is illogical. A dying 
person may have a desire to live when 
all hope of living has disappeared; a 
young man may have a strong desire to 
wed the object of his love after she has 
declined his proposal, and all hopes and 
contemplated joys have utterly fled. 
The criminal on the scaffold may de- 
sire to live when the last star of hope 
has faded away. 




Fig. 54. Jas. C. Tory. Hope Large, Mental Motive 
Temperament, A keen perceptive intuition 



Hope is the sunshine of the human 
mind; it dispels the gloom and shad- 
ows of disappointment. Hope is the 
faculty that encourages man in the pur- 
suit of happiness, and leads him to be- 
lieve in the possibilities of the future. 
If the organs of Veneration and Spirit- 
uality (or Wonder, as it is called by 
Mr. Combe), are large in a person, they 
lead to a strong belief in immortality, 
future rewards and punishments, re- 
ligion, sacred and divine institutions. 
Those in whom Hope and Spirituality 
are large, are given to exaggeration, 
often at the expense of the truth. Hope 
is generally large in those who possess 
a marked development of the vital tem- 
perament. Those who possess large 



46 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



Hope. Friendship. Approbativeness and 
Mirthfulness are generally the life and 
entertainers of the social circule in 
which thev move. 



SPIRITUALITY, OR WONDER. 



This organ is situated in front of 
Hope and back of Imitation and be- 
tween Veneration and Ideality. 



which is the manifestation of this vis- 
ionary psychic power that enables them 
to see, or be impressed with, the pres- 
ence of images supposed to be from the 
invisible realm. After a series of care- 
ful observations and experiments by 
comparison of organ and its functional 
manifestation, he determined its loca- 
tion and psychic power. 

I have observed in the heads of per- 
sons who are superstitious, credulous 







Fig. 55. Pope Leo XIII. 



Spirituality and Veneration large, strong Mental Temperament. 
A good face 



Dr. Gall when making his observa- 
tions upon the functions of the brain, 
observed that many men possessed of 
good intellect believed in ghosts and 
visions, and that they were visited by 
the spirits of the dead, and persons that 
were absent ; and he inquired : "Are 
they imposters or fools?' or is there 
an organ in the brain the function of 



and ready to believe and accept imagin- 
ary or circumstantial evidence on faith 
that this organ was large, and in man\ 
of them it was very large. I have vis- 
ited many Spiritualistic meetings and 
seances, and observed in the heads of 
those who* exhibited evidence of sin- 
cerity in their cult, and they were gen- 
erally the dupes of fakirs who professed 



SPIRITUALITY, OR WONDER. 



47 



clairvoyant power, that this organ of 
Wonder was large without a single ex- 
ception. Those who sincerely believe 
in miracles, visions, dreams, Spiritual- 
ism, in mental and miraculous healing, 
possess this vapory, visionary faculty to 
a strong degree. 



observed in the head of this clergyman 
that the organ of Spirituality which he 
so strongly evinced in this conversation 
was very large. 

This faculty relates to the future, 
new and unknown ; it stimulates the ad- 
venturer in his wanderings; it fills the 




Fig. 56. Frances Willard. Large Veneration. A well balanced head and fine temperament 



I have met many clergymen who be- 
lieved they were called Dy some invisi- 
ble spirit to preach the gospel of Jesus 
Christ. I met a clergyman in one of the 
Western States in 1878; and in the 
course of our conversation he informed 
me that he did not believe in a scholas- 
tic or theological seminary education 
for a clergyman; he assigned as a rea- 
son : "That every word would be given 
him by the power of the Holy Ghost 
in the self- same hour for him to deliver 
to his congregation." He continued by 
citing Christ as an example of one who 
had never had the advantages of a 
scholastic or theological education. I 



imagination with every variety of pos- 
sibilities; it is the magnifying glass of 
the human mind, and the mother of 
Superstition and visionary ideas. 
This organ is large in Figs. 55-58. 

VENERATION. 



This organ is situated in the middle 
of the top head in front of Firmness 
and back of Benevolence at the fonta- 
nel, as indicated by the point of the 
arrow in the top head of the portrait 
of Miss Frances Willard. Her head at 
this point represents a large develop- 
ment of the orean of Veneration. It is 



4S 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



also large in the head of Fig\ 58, as rep- 
resented in the prominent peripheral ex- 
pansion at the center of the top head. 
Observe the development of the head 
at the point of the arrow in the portrait 
of Mr. R. B. Loomis (Fig-. 57), which 
indicates strong" religions tendencies. 



. 




Fig. 57. Mr. Robert B. Loomis. Veneration large 



and great reverence for sacred and re- 
ligious institutions. The function of 
this organ is the manifestation of rever- 
ence in general, and adoration in divine 
worship. Young persons in whom 
Veneration is large, manifest marked 
obedience and respect for parents and 
old persons, and are courteous and re- 
spectful to those in authority. This fac- 
ulty is not strongly manifested in the 
average American child. There is a 
striking contrast in the development of 
this organ in the average American, 
and the development of it in the aver- 
age Chinese or Japanese head. It is a 
well known fact in the history of the 
Mongolian races that the manifestation 
of reverence and respect for superiors 
and age is one of their chief characteris- 
tics. Pope Leg's head mounts high 
from base to top, which indicates very 
large Veneration and Spirituality. 
Hence, it was as natural for him to be 



imbued and impressed with the spirit 
of reverence, piety and zealous religious 
devotions in his youth, as it was for the 
criminals represented in Figs. 47, 48, 
49 and 50, to be impressed with crim- 
inal motives, and the practice of crim- 
inal deeds. Observe the striking con- 
trast in their heads and facial expres- 
sions, and trace the equally striking 
contrast in the history of their lives, 
which are as widely differentiated as 
are the forms of their heads, and fea- 
tures of their faces, and the grades of 
their temperamental conditions. Some 
persons are naturally strong in moral 
and religious sentiment, and deserve no 
more credit for their moral and relig- 
ious practice than they do for the erect, 
position which their bodily structure 
compels them to take when walking. 
The law of heredity predisposes the 
natural tendencies of some persons to 
morality and religion; and others to 
vice and crime. 




Fig. 58. Veneration very large 



Persons with strong reverence are 
not very progressive; they are slow to 
take up new thought or entertain new 
ideas; they cling to the old, even 
though the new is superior, until they 
are found in the rear in the line of the 
march of progress. 

The races of people in whom Ven- 
eration is largely developed progress 
slowly. What is true in the history of 
this faculty in the individual, is true in 
the race he represents. 



VENERATION. 



49 



The faculty of Veneration which is 
one of the ruling sentiments of the 
Mongolian races, has marked their na- 
tural, religious, political and commer- 
cial history by zealously revering the 
ancient precepts, customs, traditions, 
habits and manner of living ; the princi- 
ples of which were established and 
taught in their early history, and so 



Veneration, like other organs of the 
brain, is liable to abnormal develop- 
ment and activity. I examined the 
head of a doctor who was a patient at 
the Western Asylum at Hopkinsville. 
Ky., some years ago, through the soli- 
citation of the doctor who was the su- 
perintendent of the institution. He did 
not give me the mental aberration with 
which the patient was afflicted before 




Fig. 59. Rev. Augustus H. Strong, D. D. LL. D. Benevolence, Veneration large, 
a splendid intellect, large language 



thoroughly inculcated into the mind of 
each succeeding generation, by their an- 
cestors, that the faculty of Veneration 
with its concomitants, has become phy- 
sio-psychologicaily hereditary; thus, a 
race characteristic which determined 
their tardy, conservative tendencies in 
the line of material progress; hence, a 
less brilliant history than they would 
have made if they had not been so 
strongly imbued with a reverence for 
their ancestral traditions; this is more 
particularly accentuated in the history 
of the Chinese race than the Japanese. 



making the examination. The first 
marked development that attracted my 
attention in the patient's head was the 
extraordinary development of the or- 
gan of Veneration, which I found to be 
the largest organ in his head ; to which 
I drew the doctor's attention. I de- 
scribed the abnormal development of 
the organ and the aberration of its func- 
tion upon religion. The doctor at once 
confirmed my observation, and re- 
marked, "I think your description of 
the patient most remarkable." 



50 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



1 have never examined a religious 
enthusiast but what I found this organ 
targe, or very large. 

It is not in the function of the innate 
psychic sentiment of Reverence to de- 
termine the object to be adored or ven- 
erated. The functional desire and in- 
fluence of the faculty of Veneration is 
injected into the intellectual faculties 
which determine the object of rever- 
ence and adoration. 

The intellectual powers may select as 
an object of worship a Golden Image, 
the Sun, a Star, the Moon, or the un- 
known power that permeates the very, 
substratum of the universe, which 
many of the higher civilized races call 
"God," the personality of whom they 
believe themselves to be representatives 
in image. The ideal "God" seems to 
rise in the scale of perfection with the 
development of the intellectual facul- 
ties, and not by the development of the 
distinct primary psvchic faculty of Ven- 
eration alone. 



it is large it gives a full round arched 
appearance to the forehead, just over 
the organ of human nature. When it 
is moderate or small the forehead re- 
cedes from the brow or perceptive or- 
gans back to the center of the top head 
where Veneration is situated, thus giv- 
ing a flat appearance at this point, as 
illustrated in Fig. 60. Observe the 
large development of this organ in the 
head of Dr. Strong, Fig 59, in com- 
parison with the low, retreating head 
of the sneak thief. 

The function of this organ is the 
manifestation of a generous, kind- 
hearted, benevolent, sympathetic, ac- 
commodating, neighborly and love-to- 
make-happy spirit. This feeling of 
benevolence softens and mellows a 
man's disposition, and imbues him with 
good nature ; and if Veneration is large 
and Self-Esteem is only moderate, he is 
naturally meek, humble and very re- 
spectful toward superiors. 





Fig. 61. Sneak Thief, A bad man with a bad eye 



Fig. 60. Sneak Thief. Side view. Benevolence small 



BENEVOLENCE. 



This organ is located on the median 
line at the anterior top head immedi- 
ately in front of the fontanel. When 



This faculty or sentiment differs 
widely, both in young and old people; 
some are very egotistical and selfish 
and think only of themselves ; others 
excel in kindness, goodness and in dis- 
pensing charity, and devote their lives 



CONSTRUCTIVENESS. 



51 



to the relief of the poor, afflicted and 
helpless. There are whole races of peo- 
ple who are amiable, peaceful and good 
natured, and not pugnacious; while 
others are combative, destructive, war- 
like and cruel. Some dogs in some 
species are mild and good natured, and 
others are bad tempered, fierce and 
vicious. 

This benevolent faculty deals gener- 
ously with the poor, and dispenses 
mercy and leniency to the culprits in the 
prisoner's dock. It is the feeling that 
led to the great command, "Love thy 
neighbor as thyself," and, "Do unto 
others as you would have them do to 
you." It loosens the purse strings and 
makes a willing and cheerful giver. It 
is the sentiment that melts the heart of 
the philanthropist, and gives him a full 
appreciation of the needs of the poor, 
and prompts him to do them deeds of 
charity. 



CONSTRUCTIVENESS. 



This organ is located under the su- 
ture that unites the frontal, parietal and 
sphenoidal bones, and anteriorly to 
the organ of Acquisitiveness, and pos- 
teriorly to the organ of Tune. 

The exact size of this organ in some 
heads is more difficult to determine than 
in others. Its appearance varies, ac- 
cording to the width of the head, and 
the size of the zygomatic process. If 
the head is tall and comparatively nai- 
row at the base the upper section of the 
organ will show a larger development 
than the section nearer the basilar re- 
gion. The upper part of the organ, 
which lies adjacent and inferior to the 
organ of Ideality, is strongly il- 
lustrated in the head of Thomas A. 
Edison, the inventor (Fig. 62). At the 
point of the arrow, it manifests inven- 
tive talent. When the organ is more 
prominently developed at the inferior 
region near the basilar section of the 
brain, as illustrated in the width of Mr. 
Carnegie's head (Fig. 42), at the point 
indicated by the star , it is more practi- 
cal than inventive; it is also strongly 
represented in the portrait of Fig. 40. 



who sustains the reputation of being 
one of the most expert safe crackers 
in the country. The width of the head 
at the point where this organ is situated 
is very wide, and corresponds with his 
skill and dexterity in the use of burg- 
lar's tools. The function of the organ 
of Constructiveness is to construct, in- 
vent, make and build up parts into one 



^ 






. 


r- 




wfm 


1i 
. 1 


1 


1 


o : ?\ 




HHHBu 


v " 



Fig. 62. Thomas A. Edison, Inventor. Constructivencs 
and Causality large 

structural whole. The primitive mani- 
festation of this mechanical faculty was 
one of the first evolutionary evidences 
of a coming civilization ; it is the pion- 
eer faculty that has elevated man to the 
pinnacle of mental superiority over 
every species of brain and psychic de- 
velopment. 

The application of this psychic fac- 
ulty to the principles of mechanics made 
possible the availability of nature's il- 
limitable resources by converting her 



52 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE 



material and energies into almost an 
infinite variety of utilities that have fa- 
cilitated the evolutionary process of the 
higher intellectual and moral faculties 
of man. The Original products of this 
constructive faculty laid the foundation 
of trade, traffic and commerce ; hence, 



any of the intellectual or semi-intellec- 
tual faculties. The infinite resources 
and possibilities of nature and the in- 
ventive psychic power of the human 
brain prophesy marvelous inventions 
which will facilitate the evolution of 
man's knowledge, wisdom and happi- 
ness. 




Fig. 63. Richard Wagner. Very large Tune, Time, Ideality and Sublimity. Musician, Composer, 
Poet, a Genius. A Magnificent Head and Face 



with the increase of its inventive power 
proportionately increases and compli- 
cates commercial transactions. 

This faculty supplies material for 
man's needs and wants, and facilitates 
his Acquisitive instinct in the accumu- 
lation of wealth. The history of the 
operation and influence of the faculty 
of Constructiveness upon the civilized 
races, from the first stone hammer to 
the highest form of the twentieth cen- 
tury invention, is the most brilliant of 



IDEALITY. 



The organ of Ideality is situated in 
the superior side head above the tem- 
ples, along the temporal ridge of the 
frontal bone, immediately in front of 
the organ of Sublimity, and laterally 
from the organ of Mirthfulness. 

The function of Ideality is to exalt 
the other faculties and tinge them with 



IDEALITY AND SUBLIMITY. 



53 



a love and appreciation of the beautiful 
and exquisite enthusiasm and exulta- 
tion, which fires the mind with rapture 
and poetic imagination. Those in 
whom the Mental Temperament pre- 
vails generally possess large Ideality ; 
hence, a strong manifestation of this 
sentiment in the arts, poetry, music, 
oratory, and the beauties of nature. 



composition. Observe the extraordin- 
ary development of this combination of 
organs as represented in the portrait of 
Richard Wagner (Fig. 6$). 

On the other hand, if the organ of 
Ideality is small and Tune and Time 
are large, and the temperament is 
coarse, he will manifest an apprecia- 
tion for a low grade of music. 




Fig. 64. William Jennings Bryan, Large Ideality and Sublimity. Power, Force and Determination 
are written all over the head and face. Large Language, a Natural Orator 



It makes a man aspire to higher 
ideals and perfection. It gives to lan- 
guage elegance of fascinating beauty in 
conversation, in oratory, prose, or 
poetry. The person who possesses a 
fine, highly organized temperament in 
connection with large Ideality, Tune, 
and Time, appreciates and enjoys ex- 
quisitely the finer quality of sweet clas- 
sical music; and if Construed veness, 
Causality and Comparison are also 
large, possesses the talent for musical 



Ideality is a strong element in good 
taste, refined, courtly and polished man- 
ners. The French possess a marked de- 
velopment of the organs of Ideality, 
Sublimity, Wonder and Approbative- 
ness; hence, they are the leaders in the 
fashions of the world. They are im- 
bued with exquisite artistic taste in 
dress, style and fashion. 

The size, degree of activity and cul- 
ture of this faculty determines the taste 
and appreciation for poetry in a person. 



54 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



Those who possess large Ideality, 
Form, Color and Constructiveness are 
gifted with talent for painting. 

Orators possess large Ideality, Sub- 
limity, Comparison and Language, and 
often in connection with a strongly 
marked Vital Temperament. 

Beecher, Ingersoll, Conkling, and 
Bryan illustrate this combination of or- 
gans and their emotional influence in 
the eloquence of oratory. 

Ideality and Sublimity give scope to 
the imaginations, and sometimes a vap- 
ory fancy to theories and opinions. 



The function of the organ of Sub- 
limity gives an appreciation and admir- 
ation for the sublime, illimitable, vast, 
stupendous, boundless, terrific, wild and 
romantic. The abnormal manifestation 
of this faculty is the extravagant use of 
adjectives, words, and the exaggeration 
of ideas and opinions. This organ is 
from full to very large in great orators. 
Beecher, Ingersoll, Conkling and Bryan 
are splendid illustrative examples. . 

A person in whom Sublimity, Cau- 
tiousness, Veneration, Hope, and Won- 
der are large and combined with an ac- 




Fig. 65. Czar of Russia. A refined face 



SUBLIMITY. 



This organ is situated immediately 
behind Ideality and in front of the or- 
gan of Cautiousness, and just above the 
organ of Acquisitiveness. The organ 
of Sublimity is large in the heads of 
E. Burton Holmes (Fig. 28), Roscoe 
Conkling (Fig. 75), and Richard Wag- 
ner (Fig. 63). 



tive, excitable temperament, contem- 
plates and lives on the hopes of the in- 
finite and eternal future of immortality 
more than he does in the present mode 
of existence. He generally magnifies 
prospects until they are out of all pro- 
portion to a possibility, or a realization. 
His ideas, opinions and reasonings are 
vapory and full of superstition. 

This faculty is most essential to the 
landscape painter. It fills him with rap- 
turous appreciation of the grandeur and 
beauty of mountain scenery and views 
of hill and dale. 



IMITATION. 



56 



The person in whom the faculties of 
Sublimity, Ideality and Locality are 
strongly developed enjoys traveling 
through mountainous countries where 
the scenery of the mountains, gorges, 
and the wild, dashing cataract excites 
and enthuses his admiration. 

A person possessed of large Sublim- 
ity and Destructiveness contemplates 
the rising black clouds and their light- 
ning flashes, storms and destructive 
fires with great awe and admiration. 
This sentiment inspires the other facul- 
ties with a higher appreciation of the 
illimitable in space, the starry canopy of 
the heavens, and the infinitude of the 
operations of nature, and the stupend- 
ous universe as a whole. 



IMITATION. 



This organ is situated in the superior- 
anterior region of the head, immediately 
on each side of the organ of Veneration, 
and gives a full, round appearance to 
this section of the head. 

The function of this organ is the 
manifestation of imitative talent, ability 
to mimic, copy and reproduce appear- 
ance. This faculty becomes active in 
children very early in life, who learn 
things by imitation; hence, it has led 
many philosophers to erroneously main- 
tain that this is the primary and only 
means of acquiring every kind of 
knowledge. 

This faculty is most essential in ac- 
tors, dramatic authors and critics. It 
gives the talent for imitating the voice 
and gestures of men and animals, and 
personating character. It is essential to 
the painter, engraver and sculptor. 
Those who possess a large development 
of this faculty easily acquire the accent 
of foreign languages. 

Those who possess large Imitation 
and Constructiveness, manifest marked 
aptitude in acquiring a knowledge of 
mechanics. Those who possess large 



organs of Imitation, Individuality, 
Eventuality, Comparison, Human Na- 
ture, Mirthfulness and Secretiveness, 
can make fine speakers, splendid enter- 
tainers, and good story tellers. With 
large Friendship and Approbativeness, 
delight in being leaders in the social cir- 
cle and sport-making good fellows. 

In order that the faculty of Imita- 
tion may be effective in the manifesta- 
tion of its functional power, the other 
faculties must be adequately developed. 
An actor who is deficient in Mirthful- 
ness can not imitate the late comedian, 
Sol Smith Russell, however strong his 
power of imitation ; and one deficient in 
Tune could not imitate a Wagner, or a 
Patti, however great the faculty of Imi- 
tation; and one deficient in Construc- 
tiveness and Form could not succeed as 
a sculptor, or a painter, however great 
his faculty of Imitation may be de- 
veloped. 

The portrait of Mr. Russell that rep- 
resents the front view of his face on 
the following page indicates large imi- 
tation at the point of the arrow. The 
portrait that represents the profile 
indicates large Human Nature, 
the organ of which is located at the 
point of the arrow. The marked mani- 
festation of the faculty of Imitation is 
beautifully and strongly illustrated in 
the four accompanying portraits which 
represent the characters in which he dis- 
tinguished himself as one of the most 
brilliant, entertaining and popular higH 
class comedians that ever stepped be- 
fore the footlights on an American 
stage. 

The faculty of Human Nature is 
most essential to a versatile actor; it 
enables him to intuitively read charac- 
ter, while the faculty of Imitation gives 
him the power to reproduce and per- 
sonate the peculiar characteristics as he 
sees them manifested by others. The 
faculties of Self-Esteem and Secretive- 
ness are essential to the actor. Self- 
Esteem gives him confidence in his 
ability to assume and delineate charac- 
ter, while Secretiveness gives him con- 
trol over his feelings. 



MIRTHFULNESS. 



57 



MIRTHFULNESS. 
This organ is situated immediately 
back from Causality, and in front of 
Ideality, and on a vertical line directly 
over the corners of the eyes where the 
forehead rounds off to form the top 
and upper side head; the width of 
the upper forehead indicates the size 
of this organ, and its power of mani- 
festation. The organ of Mirthfulness 
is large in the head of Marshall P. 



The function of the organ of Mirth- 
fulness is the manifestation of wit, hu- 
mor, fun and merry-making ability ; 
when large it gives a keen intuitive 
perception of absurd and ridiculous 
situations and incongruities in the con- 
duct of men and animals. Wit quickly 
perceives, comprehends and keenly 
appreciates the sudden termination of 
unexpected acts. It is the philosophi- 
cal flashlight of the mind that exposes 




Merrily yours, 
Fig. 72. Marshall P. Wilder. Humorist. Mirthfulness large 



Wilder, the humorist, whose sparkling 
wit and humor have convulsed with 
laughter the theater-goers, both in this 
country and on the continent of 
Europe, for many years. He has a 
large head, which is splendidly repre- 
sented in the portrait of Fig. 72, and a 
most active Mental Temperament, with 
a strong infusion of the Bilious Tem- 
perament. 



the relation of cause and effect in the 
absurd, incongruous and ridiculous. 
One who possesses large Mirthfulness 
and Destructiveness, delights in the use 
of sarcasm and satire. Voltaire knew 
the value of satire and invective. The 
late Col. Robert G. Ingersoll possessed 
large Mirthfulness, Comparison, Self- 
Esteem, Combativeness and full De- 
structiveness, and a magnificent intel- 



oS 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



loct ; hence this combination of mental 
faculties gave him the powers of com- 
parison, criticism, ridicule and repartee 
in a marked degree, which he employed 
in his writings and lectures with great 
and effective force against the differ- 
entiated creeds and dogmas of the 
Christian religion. The organs of 
Mirthfulness and Causality were large 
in the massive forehead of Benjamin 
Franklin, which he manifested in a 
strong degree. Mark Twain's head is 
wide at the point where this faculty is 
situated. His humor is rich and droll. 
The late Bill Nye possessed a strong 
development of this faculty. His Se- 
cretiveness wias large, which tinged his 
humor with a drollness peculiar to Bill 
Nye. 

I have observed many persons who 
would sit through a performance 
given by such high-class com- 
edians as Barnaby, Russell and Ray- 
mond, whose flashes of sparkling wit 
were convulsing the audience with side- 
splitting laughter, and they would nev- 
er crack a smile; but instead, with a 
stoical look and disgusted glance at 
those who gave a hearty, mirthful re- 
sponse to the comedian's wit, as much 
as to say, "What are the fools all 
laughing at?"; and in every instance 
the head was narrow and retreating at 
the point where the organ of Mirthful- 
ness is situated. 

On the other hand, I have observed 
in the heads of persons a very large 
development of this organ, and in con- 
nection with which I found only a mod- 
erate development of the organ of Se- 
cretiveness, hence they would giggle 
and laugh at the most trivial incident 
on the most solemn occasions. Mirth- 
fulness is one of the faculties which dif- 
ferentiates man from the lower animals. 
There are three muscles in the face 
which draw the corners of the lips up, 
thus giving a mirthful expression to 
the face. One in whom this organ is 
small rarely sees the point in a joke 
or story; his facial expression is 
stern, cold and hard; in manner he 
is stiff and stoical. The lips droop at 



the corners, as represented in Fig. 30, 
who was a pessimist and chronic grum- 
bler, and rarely ever smiled. 



THE INTELLECTUAL FACUL- 
TIES, THEIR DIVISIONS, 
GROUPINGS, FUNCTIONAL 
POWERS AND RELA- 
TIONS. 



This group of Phrenological organs 
now to be treated is situated in the 
frontal, or anterior lobes of the brain. 
It is divided into three sub groups 
of organs, embracing: 

First, the perceptive or observing 
faculties, which are situated in the low- 
er or inferior region of the cerebrum, 
or forehead, immediately above the 
eyes. The distance from the opening 
of the ear to this section of the head 
determines the size of the perceptive or- 
gans, which are strongly and magnifi- 
cently represented in the portrait of 
Charles Darwin at the point of the ar- 
row, and the line drawn from the open- 
ing of the ear to that full projecting 
brow. This group of organs are com- 
mon to man and animals. 

Second, the semi-perceptive group of 
organs are situated in the middle sec- 
tion of the forehead, just above the per- 
ceptive organs, which are well de- 
veloped and splendidly illustrated in 
the middle foreheads of Charles Dar- 
win (Fig. 73), Carnegie (Fig. 42), 
and John G. Carlyle (Fig. 27). 

The function of this group of facul- 
ties is the manifest power of retaining 
the transitory impressions of acts, 
events, incidents, position, geo- 
graphical location of objects, and places 
and time when things occur; ability to 
measure time in music; statistical pow- 
er, and time periodizing, eventualizing, 
and localizing instincts. This combin- 
ation of faculties is common to man 
and animals. 

Third, the reasoning organs, which 
are situated in the upper and third sec- 
tions of the forehead, are indicat- 
ed by the full, well rounded peripheral 



THE INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. 



59 



expansion of this part of the head, and 
the distance from the opening of the 
ear to this point in the forehead, thus 
giving- a towering perpendicular ap- 
pearance to the entire forehead. 

Herbert Spencer (Fig. 93) possesses 
a very large development of this group 
of organs, which he has pre-eminently 
manifested in his elaborate and pro- 
found phiolosphical works. Causality 



This group of organs distinguishes 
the intellectual superiority of man from 
the lower grades of animals in the same 
proportion that the towering forehead 
indicates the superior development of 
the organs. 

A thorough and comprehensive 
knowledge of the value of the intellec- 
tual faculties can be more easily ac- 
quired by observing and studying each 




m 




Fig. 73- Charles Darwin, Naturalist and Evolutionist. 
A large head, very large preceptive and Semi -preceptive organs 



and Comparison are embraced in this 
group of organs. They are large and 
splendidly illustrated in the portraits of 
Ingersoll (Fig. 102), Bryan (Fig. 64), 
Holmes (Fig. 38), Bismarck (Fig. 
39), McKinley (Fig. 97), Pope Leo 
(Fig. 55), Dr. Strong (Fig. 59), and 
Conkling (Fig. 73). 



individual organ and its functional 
power and relation to each other, and 
to external objects, than in groups or 
combinations. 

I shall now consider them in their in- 
dividual capacities, each organ under its 
independent head. 



60 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



INDIVIDUALITY 



The organ of Individuality is situ- 
ated a little above and immediately be- 
hind the root of the nose and between 
the eyebrows ; which is splendidly illus- 
trated in the lower section of that mag- 
nificent forehead that is represented in 
the portrait of Prof. Billroth (Fig. 
74). 



doorwa} r to the objective and percep- 
tive conscious intellect from external 
objects. It is the observing, peering, 
staring and curiosity seeing faculty. It 
is large and splendidly illustrated in 
the portraits of Charles Darwin (Fig. 
71), Marshal P. Wilder (Fig. 72), J. 
C. Tory (Fig. 54.) 

This is the faculty that gives us the 
class of ideas represented by nouns, 
such as man, horse, dog, chair, table 
etc., etc. 




Fig. 74. Prof. Theodore Billroth. The famous Surgeon of the University of Vienna. 
Large preceptive, Semi-perceptive and reflective organs. A well balanced intellect 



The function of the organ of Indi- 
viduality gives the power of individ- 
ualizing objects as they exist as enti- 
ties, independently of other objects or 
substances. Every object in the uni- 
verse is individualized by the law of 
differentiation; and this faculty is the 
first to take cognizance of this primary 
individuality of substance. It is the 



This organ is large in the head of 
the American Indian, which has been 
strongly manifested by the keenness 
and accuracy of his observations in the 
hunting grounds, and in espying the 
maneuvers of his enemies. 

A person who possesses large Indi- 
viduality can see more in a day's travel, 
than one with it moderately developed 



THE FACULTY OF FORM. 



61 



will see in a week. Those who possess 
a strong development of this faculty 
see and individualize things at a glance, 
and if the temperament is active, they 
are quick in action and work rapidly. 
This faculty is most essential to> the 
naturalist, geologist, biologist, type- 
setter, stenographer, typewriter, teleg- 
rapher, proofreader, bank teller, or any 
pursuit, the success of which depends 
upon the speed of action, and requires 
quick and accurate observation. 



bital plates are approximately close to 
the crest, and the base to the root of the 
nose is narrow, and the inner corners 
of the eyes are close together. 

The function of the organ of Form 
is the perceptive power that takes cog- 
nizance of shape, configuration and ap- 
pearances, which are the primary 
qualities of external objects. This fac- 
ulty enables one to remember faces and 
see familv resemblances in the counte- 
nances of persons. It is most essential 




Fig. 75. Roscoe Conkling, Lawyer and Statesment. A large, magnificently formed head, 
built upon broad, manly shoulders 



FORM. 

The organ of Form is situated on 
each side of the Crista Galli, inside the 
skull, just behind the root of the nose; 
when it is large there is considerable 
space between the orbital plate and the 
crest; thus giving marked width be- 
tween the eyes and to the base of the 
root of the nose. When small, the or- 



to portrait painters, photographers and 
artists generally. 

It greatly aids the naturalist and 
comparative anatomists. Some men 
possess a remarkable memory for faces 
but a poor memory for names, while 
there are others who remember faces 
and names with an equal degree of 
clearness. I once knew a porter in a 
hotel whose duty it was to take care 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



of the hats and wraps of the guests dur- 
ing meal hours, and as the guests pass- 
ed out of the dining room he returned 
their hats and wraps without making a 
single mistake. I observed that the 
width between the eyes was very mark- 
ed. He informed me that he never for- 
got a face, or the shape of a hat. 

Henry Clay possessed this faculty in 
a strong degree, and one of his chief 
characteristics was his ability to remem- 
ber distinctly, for many years after- 
ward, the face and name of every man 
to whom he was introduced. 




Fig. 76. Stephen Holcomb. 
Form moderate, Acquisitiveness average, Moral organs large 



He possessed large language, thus 
ability to remember words and names. 

The organ of Form is very large in 
the Chinese head, which is indicated 
by the great width between their al- 
mond shaped eyes. The organs of 
Form and Individuality, are large in 
their heads, which accounts in a meas- 
ure for their ability to remember their 
language, almost every word of which 
is represented by a distinct character, 
and a knowledge of which they acquire 
and speak correctly and fluently. 



Michael Angelo, the sculpter, and 
Rubens, the painter, possessed large 
Form and Individuality. I have exam- 
ined the heads of many artists in whom 
I invariably found this organ large. 
This organ enables a person to judge of 
bodily and facial form. It is essential 
to the horseman in judging the forms 
and developments of the horse. It is of 
great value to the architect, draftsman 
and builder. It is one of the most im- 
portant perceptive faculties, as it brings 
man and animals into direct contact 
with one of the most important primary 
conditions of matter. 

All forms and conditions of objects 
and environment contributed a stimu- 
lating evolutionary influence upon the 
psychic development and differentia- 
tion of the primary faculties of the 
mind until each organ thus stimulated 
into active functional power is adapted 
to the quality and condition of the 
substance to which it is primarily re- 
lated. The organ of Form is the con- 
comitant of shape and configuration, 
the organ of Color to colors, shades and 
hues, etc. 



SIZE. 



The Size of an object is one of its 
individualizing conditions. Two or 
more objects may vary in magnitude, 
but not in form, thus the faculty of 
Size takes cognizance and distinguishes 
the differences in the various sizes of 
objects of the same form, quality, 
weight and color, which cannot be con- 
founded with the conception of config- 
urations, and a knowledge of each may 
be acquired independently of the other. 

The faculty of Size measures dis- 
tance, proportions and space, and is an 
essential element in the talent for per- 
spective. 

It greatly aids and facilitates the op- 
erations of the civil engineer, mechanic, 
draftsman, architect, designer and 
builder. It estimates proportion in 
arts, drawing, painting and sculptor. 



THE FACULITY OF WEIGHT. 



63 



The organ of this faculty is situated 
on each side of Individuality, near the 
internal corners of the eyes. When the 
frontal sinus is large, due consideration 
must be given for this obstruction in 
estimating the size of the organ. 

Careful observation and experience 
enable a person to determine the extent 
to which the frontal sinus is developed, 
as well as the organ. The frontal sinus 
was used and vigorously urged as one 
of the chief objections to the Science of 
Phrenology by the contemporary oppo- 
nents of Gall, Spuizheim and Combe. 
Sir William Hamilton, whose meteoric 
metaphysical light flashed over the in- 
tellectual horizon of Europe in the 
early part of the nineteenth century, 
employed the frontal sinus as his chief 
objection and argument against the 
Science of Phrenology, which was met 
and most ably and completely answered 
bv Dr. Andrew Combe. 




Fig. 77. The Neanderthal Skull, discovered in a cave in 
Neander Valley near Dusseldorf , Germany 



The frontal sinus is more prominent- 
ly developed in those who possess a 
strongly marked Motive Temperament 
than either of the other temperaments. 
It covers the organs of Individuality, 
Size, Weight and sometimes, when ex- 
cessively developed, extends partially 
over the organ of Color. The sinus is 
indicated by the irregular projecting 
frontal bone immediately above the root 
of the nose, and is sometimes mistaken 
by amateur head feelers for an extra- 
ordinary development of the perceptive 
organs. It is another "asses' bridge 
over which the amateur phrenologist 
must pass." The frontal sinus is the re- 



sult of the inner and outer tables of the 
skull, diverging from parallel lines just 
above the top of the nose and under and 
a little above where the eyebrows meet. 



WEIGHT. 



The organ of Weight lies externally 
from that of Size, behind the supercil- 
iary ridge, outward one-third of the 
distance from the root of the nose, 
along the eyebrows. 

The function of the organ of Weight 
is the intuitive perception and cogni- 
zance of the laws of gravity, motion, 




Fig. 78. Nichols, The Champion Hammer Thrower of Canada. 

Large Size and Weight, Moderate Causality. 

Graet physical power and endurance 

poise, equilibrium and balancing forces, 
etc. This faculty aids and facilitates 
bodily motion in walking, dancing, rid- 
ing, rope walking, skating, juggling, 
marksmanship and muscular self-con- 
trol. A person who possesses large 
Weight, Self-Esteem, Approbativeness, 
Ideality and Agreeableness, is graceful 
m bearing, manners and imbued with 
a charming personality. I have exam- 
ined the heads cf many persons in 
whom this combination of faculties was 
small or moderate, and thev were as 



tU 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



awkward, clumsy and ungainly in man- 
ner as the organs that manifest this 
combination of faculties were deficient 
in their heads. 

Those who possess large Weight, 
Size, Form and Constructiveness can 
apply mechanical principles with mark- 
ed facility and aptitude. They readily 
become skillful and handy in the use of 
tools, can judge accurately of perpendi- 
cular lines and levels, can readily detect 
by the eye the mirror or picture that is 
out of plumb on the wall ; and if Order 
is large, are annoyed at whatever is out 
of balance or place. The organs of 
Weight, Firmness, Constructiveness 
and Destructiveness give poise and skill 
to the surgeon's hand. Professor Bill- 
roth's portrait (Fig. 74) furnishes a 
splendid illustration of this combina- 
tion of faculties. 




Fig. 76. Dr. Benjamin Rush. 

Color and order large. A well balanced temperament. 

A refined face 

The organ of Weight was large in 
the perceptive region of Dixon's head, 
as is splendidly illustrated in his por- 
trait (Fig. 31), which he demonstrated 
by becoming the champion rope walker 
of Canada. 

This organ is most essential to the 
grocery merchant in estimating the 
proper quantity of tea, coffee, butter, 
cheese, sugar and flour, etc., for the 
number of pounds called for by the 
customer. It aids the stock dealer in 



estimating the weight of animals. I 
have known men in whom the organs 
of Weight, Form and Size were very 
large and they could estimate the 
weight of an object almost with the ac- 
curacy of scales. This group of organs 
is most essential to the stone mason and 
bricklayer. It is strongly marked in the 
ape tribe, which they manifest in leap- 
ing from limb to limb and balancing 
themselves at pleasure. This faculty is 
manifested in every motion of the body 
of man and of animals. 



COLOR. 



The organ of Color is situated in the 
middle of the superciliary ridge at the 
highest point of the arch of the eye- 
brow; when it is large the projecting 
eyebrows are distinctly and highly 
arched. 

The function of this organ is the dis- 
criminating perception, appreciation 
and recollection of colors, shades, hues 
and tints, which are so richly inter- 
spersed throughout nature. 

This faculty is most important to the 
portrait, landscape and china painters, 
sign painters, decorators and florists. 
It is also highly essential to the paint 
manufacturer. 

I have examined the heads of many 
clever artists who exhibited marked 
delicacy of taste in blending colors 
and shading in their paintings, and 
without a single exception the organ of 
Color was from large to very large. 

I examined the head of a gen- 
tleman in a southern city in 1884 in 
whom I found the organ of Color defi- 
cient. After making the observation 
with comments upon his inability to' ap- 
preciate and discriminate readily the 
various shades and tints in colors, he 
informed me that he could not discrim- 
inate the difference between green and 
blue, or pink and red, or any but solid 
colors. I have observed in those who 
are passionatelv fond of flowers that 
the organ of Color was large. Most 
ridiculous and striking exhibitions of 



THE FACULTY OF ORDER. 



65 



Color, as applied by the hand of the un- 
skilled artist, can be observed on the 
cheeks of the gentler sex upon any fine 
day, as they promenade the avenues of 
our large cities. 

Persons who possess a coarse, unre- 
fined temperament, small or moderate 
Ideality, and a narrow, contracted in- 
tellect, large Color and Approbative- 
ness, often make a vulgar display of 
bad taste in the selection of strong, 
bright, discordant colors, with which 
they ornament themselves for public 
occasions. 

To those who possess a strong de- 
velopment of Color, a fine temperament 
and Ideality, beautiful flowers and 
paintings are a great source of pleasure 
and delight. 



this point, showing a deficiency in the 
development of the organ. 

The name of the organ of Order de- 
fines its own function which is to give 
a desire for the systematic arrangement 
and classification of physical objects, 
generalizing and methodizing and sys- 
tematizing facts, data and ideas in sci- 
ence and philosophy. Those who pos- 
sess large Order are most particular in 
the arrangement of their personal ef- 
fects, and sometimes slaves to the love 
of order — distressed and greatly an- 
noyed at disorder and confusion, and 
highly delighted when everything is 
systematically arranged. 

Persons in whom Order, Ideality, 
Locality and a fine temperament are 
strongly developed are generally old- 
maidish in manners and habits ; thus 




Fig. 81. 

Order Small. 

Small head, coarse temperament, mental power weak 

ORDER. 

System, Arrangement, and Method 
are the first laws of nature. 

The organ of Order is situated at 
the angle of the lower forehead at each 
end of the superciliary ridge. When 
large it pushes the head out into 
Squareness at the external end of the 
eyebrows. On the other hand, when it 
is small the head rounds off rapidly at 




Fig. 82. 
A small head, very low temperament, quality of fiber coarse 

hard to please; and if Combativeness is 
large make life miserable for them- 
selves and those about them. Persons 
in whom this combination of organs is 
small are careless, slovenly and dis- 
gustingly repulsive in their habits, man- 
ners and personal appearance. 

Navigators and travelers describe the 
Esquimaux race as most slovenly and 
filthy in their habits. I have person- 
ally examined many of their heads and 
this organ without a single exception 
was deficient. 



66 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



Dr. Spurzheim mentions an idiot at 
Paris in whom Order was very large, 
who could not bear to see a chair or 
piece of furniture out of place ; and an- 
other one at Edinburgh who would 
never go near her brother's room on 
account of his habits of disorder. 

Order is a time saving faculty. Many 
persons loose more time looking for 
things they carelessly misplaced when 



m- 



The mother should thoroughly 
struct her children in the orderly and 
systematic arrangement of every thing 
they handle. Teach them the import- 
ance of having a place for everything 
and everything in its place. 



calculation. 
This organ is situated a little below 
the point of the angular process of the 




Fig. 82. 
Hon. Mark Hanna. Financier and Politician, A splendidlly balanced head and temperament 



they last used them than it would re- 
quire to put them in their proper place. 
I have examined the heads of many per- 
sons in whom the organ of Order was 
large, and described them as being able 
to go in the dark and lay their hands 
on any article in their possession that 
they might desire, and they readily cor - 
roborated my description of this trait. 

The cultivation of this organ should 
begin very early in a child. If the or- 
gan is deficient in the mother the culti- 
vation of the faculty in the child will 
surely be neglected and he will be per- 
mitted to grow up and develop into a 
slattern. 



frontal bone, and about an inch back 
and a little above the corners of the 
eyes. It is large and splendidly illus- 
trated in the marked width of Mr. Car- 
negie's head, just under the star (Fig. 
42), moderate in Fig. 55, and large in 
Mr. Hanna (Fig. 82). 

This is one of the most difficult or- 
gans for the amateur phrenologist to 
observe in the intellectual group, but 
close observation and practical experi- 
ence will ultimately enable him to cor- 
rectly estimate the size of the organ. 

The function of this organ is the 
perception and comprehension of the 
numerical value and relation of units. 



THE SEMI-PERCEPTIVE FACULTIES. 



67 



Arithmetic and Algebra are depend- 
ent on this organ, but Geometry and 
Trigonometry and the higher mathe- 
matics generally depend largely upon 
other faculties, such as Form, Size, 
Weight, Comparison and Causality. 

In 1900, at Ypsilanti, Michigan, in 
the presence of a number of his class- 
mates, I examined the head of a young 
man in whom I observed an extraordin- 
ary development of the organ of Calcu- 
lation. I told him that with very little 
effort he could easily stand at the head 
of the class in Arithmetic, Algebra and 
the higher branches of Mathematics. 
My observation was readily corrobor- 
ated by his fellow-students and him- 
self. 

The same afternoon I examined the 
head of a young lady who was a stu- 
dent at the State Normal School, in 
whom I found the organ small. I ob- 
served that it was with great effort 
and difficulty that she acquired even a 
knowledge of the simplest arithmetical 
problems; but she possessed large In- 
dividuality, Eventuality, Location, 
Comparison and Language; thus could 
easily learn history, geography and the 
literary branches. She at once assured 
me that my descriptive analysis of her 
intellectual qualities was correct to the 
letter. 

The calipers with which I measured 
the width of the heads of the young 
man and woman just referred to re- 
vealed a difference of one inch in favor 
of the young man at the point where 
the organ is situated. 

In 1 90 1 I examined the head of a 
young man in Ann Arbor, Mich., who 
was a student in the University, in 
whom I observed a large development 
of the organs of Calculation, Construc- 
tiveness, Form, Size and a full develop- 
ment of the reasoning organs. I de- 
scribed his talents for Mathematics and 
Construction as being strong and most 
admirably adapted to any of the branch- 
es of building or engineering. He in- 
formed me that he was then taking a 
course in the engineering department 
of the University, and that his talents 
were evidently inherited from his an- 
cestors, who had, to his knowledge, 



been mechanics and engineers as far 
back as three generations. 

These examples are only illustrative 
of hundreds of similar cases that have 
come under my observation during the 
past twenty years. 

Mr. Combe in treating this organ in 
his "Lectures on Phrenology," page 
246, has this to say of his own faculty 
of Calculation : 

"I can speak on this subject the more 
decidedly, from being myself very de- 
ficient in this faculty, and notwithstand- 
ing my exertions to cultivate it, Arith- 
metic has always been to me a profound 
mystery, and to master the multiplica- 
tion table, an insurmountable task. I 
could not now tell you how many eight 
times nine are without going to work 
circuitously and reckoning by means 
of the tens. Yet for seven years I 
studied Arithmetic. This deficiency 
has been the occasion of much trouble 
to me. I could understand everything 
relating to accounts, but had always to 
employ clerks to perform calculations. 
This faculty in me is, in fact, idiotic, 
and the organ is very small. Were my 
other powers in like condition, I should 
be totally unfit for the ordinary busi- 
ness of life." 



THE SEMI-PERCEPTIVE FAC- 
ULTIES AND THEIR RELA- 
TION TO OTHER 
FACULTIES. 



LOCALITY. 



The first of this group of intellectual 
organs to be considered is the organ of 
Locality, the function of which is to 
perceive and remember the appearance 
of places where objects are located. It 
is the traveler's guide which enables him 
to remember roads, by-paths, land- 
marks and places in which he has been 
before. It aids the stranger to remem- 
ber the location of streets, buildings and 
points of interest when he is in a 
strange city. It is most essential to the 
civil or mining engineer. It is trans- 



6S 



rOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



cendently important to the explorer. It 
is of great value to the lawyer in facili- 
tating his memory of law cases and 
points recorded in reports and law 
books. 

The organ of Location is situated on 
each side of Individuality and extends 
obliquely upward and externally from 
Eventuality almost to the middle of the 
forehead. When large the head is fully 
rounded out at this point. It is large 
and strongly manifested by many spe- 
cies of animals. Some dogs give splen- 
did exhibitions of the power of this fac- 
ulty. It is large in the head of the 
American Indian. 

This organ is splendidly illustrated 
in the portraits of Carlisle (Fig. 26), 
E. Burton Holmes (Fig. 28) and 
Charles Darwin (Fig. 73). 

I examined the head of the Hon. P. 
Wat Harden of Kentucky, in 1888, in 
wmom I found this organ extraordin- 
arily large. After giving a full descrip- 
tion of his ability to locate any object, 
place or chapter and paragraph in a 
book he had once read, he fully corro- 
borated my observation, and informed 
me that his neighbor attorneys fre- 
quently appealed to him for assistance 
in finding where some law case was re- 
corded in which they were interested, 
and to which he would instantly refer 
them to book, chapter and paragraph. 

I have had many similar cases come 
under my observation. The most strik- 
ing development and manifestation of 
this organ that ever came under my ob- 
servation was in a clergyman who was 
born blind. He learned in infancy, 
when crawling around on the floor, to 
remember the location of each piece of 
furniture, thus persistently cultivating 
the faculty under the pressure of the 
greatest possible necessity from such an 
early period up to manhood, that it in- 
creased the size and functional power 
of the organ until he could travel at 
pleasure wherever he desired without 
even the assistance of a cane. 

The faculty of Locality has been the 
subject of much comment, theorizing 
and speculation, by scientist and psy- 
chologist. Mr. Darwin said : 



"There must be an organ in the brain 
that gives the instinct for location." If 
he had consulted Gall's, Spurzheim's, 
and Combe's works they would have 
given him ample evidence of the loca- 
tion of the brain center, or organ of the 
instinctive perception of location. 

Mr. Darwin doubtless was guilty of 
the same omission in regard to phren- 
ology as the late Professor Huxley, 
who g-ave his views on the subject to 
his personal friend, Alfred Russell Wal- 
lace, in one of their friendly scientific 
talks, which I quote from Mr. Wal- 
lace's "Wonderful Century," page 182 : 

"Even so eminent a physiologist and 
so careful a thinker as the late Profes- 
sor Huxley, when I once asked him 
why he did not accept phrenology as a 
science, replied at once : 'Because, ow- 
ing to the varying thickness of the 
skull, the form of the outside does not 
correspond to that of the brain itself, 
and therefore the comparative develop- 
ment of different parts of the brain can- 
not be determined by the form of the 
skull.' To this I replied that the thick- 
ness of the skull varied at most a few 
tenths of an inch, whereas the varia- 
tions in the diameters varied by whole 
inches, so that the size and proportions 
of the head, as measured or estimated 
by phrenologists, were very slightly af- 
fected by the different thicknesses of 
the skull, which, besides had been care- 
fully studied by phrenologists as de- 
pendent on temperament, age, etc., and 
could in many cases be estimated. He 
admitted the correctness of this state- 
ment and had really no other objection 
to make except by saying that he al- 
ways understood it had been rejected 
after full examination (which it cer- 
tainly had not been), and to ask, if it 
were true, why was it not taught by 
any man of scientific reputation." 

Professor Huxley furnished the an- 
swer for himself — and that class of 
scientific men who reject phrenology 
as a science, when he said : "He always 
understood it had been rejected after 
full examination. The majority of 
modern scientific men like Professor 
Huxlev. have never taken time to ex- 
amine the facts upon which phrenology 



THE FACULTY OF EVENTUALITY. 



69 



is founded, but flippantly pass it by, be- 
cause some other distinguished profes- 
sor who knows as little of the science 
as himself says : "He thought it had 
been rejected after full examination." 
Professor Huxley should have exam- 
ined the subject for himself, and not 
depended on those who were as defi- 
cient as himself in the knowledge of a 
subject so transcendently important to 
the intellectual and moral evolution of 
the human race. 



This faculty sustains a very similar 
relation to the faculty of Individuality 
that the verb does to the noun. Individ- 
uality observes objects as they exist in 
still life; Eventuality takes cognizance 
of objects in motion, thus it is the verb 
faculty of the mind. The horse runs, 
thus runs is an event which Eventuality 
remembers. The horse ran somewhere, 
thus the faculty of Locality remembers 
the place. 

This faculty is most essential to the 
historian, editor, teacher, lawyer, poli- 




Fig. 83. 
Eventuality Large, A splendid memory of events 




Fig. 84. 
Eventuality Moderate, poor memory of events 



EVENTUALITY. 



The organ of Eventuality is situated 
in the middle of the forehead ; therefore 
one of the easiest of the intellectual or- 
gans to locate. It is splendidly illus- 
trated in the full, well rounded develop- 
ment at this point in the portrait of Fig. 
83, and only moderately developed in 
the portrait of Fig. 84; thus the con- 
trast is most sriking in the degrees of 
development of the organ in the two 
heads. 

The function of the organ of Event- 
uality is to perceive and remember 
events, news, circumstances, facts, tran- 
sitory incidents, what has been heard, 
or seen, or known, and the constantly 
changing conditions of things and oc- 
currences, scientific and historical. 



tician, clergyman, physician and lectur- 
er. It greatly aids the editor's 
memory in the accumulation of 
facts and current events. The three 
organs embraced in the Semi-perceptive 
Group are highly essential to and great- 
ly aid and facilitate the lawyer's mem- 
ory of the testimony, events and inci- 
dents connected with his cases and law 
business generally. The clergyman re- 
quires a strong development of this 
group of organs to give him a clear 
memory of the events in Biblical and 
secular history, and facilitates his de- 
scriptive powers. It is well illustrated 
in the portrait of E, Burton Holmes 
(Fig. 36) and Dr. Strong (Fig. 59). 

This combination of faculties is most 
important to the statesman, orator and 
politician. It is essential to and greatly 
aids the banker and business man. 



70 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



I have observed in many persons 
large Eventuality, moderate or small 
Locality and Time, thus they could re- 
member events with marked clearness, 
but could not remember places or dates. 
I have observed in many others large 
Eventuality and Locality with Time 
small, they could clearly remember 
events and places, but possessed a poor 
memory for dates. 



man, with all his arms rambling; no 
way to reduce him to compass unless 
you double him up like a pocket-rule. 
With his arms spread, he'd lie on the 
bed of Ware like a cross on a Good Fri- 
day bun. If he stands cross-legged, he 
looks like a caduceust, and put him in 
a fencing attitude, you would take him 
for a cheveaux-de-frise. To> make any 
use of him, it must be as a spontoon or 




Fig. 85. 

John Philip Sousa. 

The Great Band Master. Organ of tune large 



Those who possess large Eventuality, 
Locality, Time, Individuality, Form, 
Size and Language are able to give 
clear, vivid and graphic descriptions of 
objects. Sheridan evidently possessed 
this combination of faculties in a strong 
degree, the power of which is splendid- 
ly illustrated in his description of a wo- 
man and her husband. He says: 

"Her fat arms are strangled with 
bracelets, which belt them like corded 
brawn. You wish to draw her out as 
you would an opera glass. A long, lean 



a fishing-rod. When his wife's by, he 
follows like a note of admiration. See 
them together, one is a mass, the other 
all hulk; she's a dome, and he's built 
like a glass house. When they part 
you wonder to see the steeple separate, 
from the chancel, and were they to em- 
brace, he must hang round her neck like 
a skein of thread on a lace-maker's bols- 
ter. To sing her praise, you should 
choose a rondeau, and to celebrate him, 
you must choose all Alexandrines." 



THE FACULTIES OF TIME AND TUNE. 



71 



TIME. 

The organ of Time is situated later- 
ally in the middle section of the head, 
externally from the upper part *of Lo- 
cality and the lower section of Eventu- 
ality, and above Order and Calculation 
at the point of the arrows in the por- 
traits of John Philap Sousa (Fig-. 85), 
and Floto (Fig-. 88), who possess a 
strong development of this organ, as is 



them upon one another's conception of 
time in music. This is especially the 
case with music teachers. A clear per- 
ception of the measured cadence in mu- 
sic is a great source of pleasure in 
dancing. 

It gives the business man a clear con- 
ception of the value of time and the 
importance of punctuality in the exe- 
cution of his plans. It is important to 
the railroad conductor and engineer. 




Fig. 86. 
J. J. Paderewski. Time and Tune large. 



splendidly illustrated in the full, round- 
ed peripheral expansion in this region 
of their heads. 

The function of the organ of Time 
is to perceive, measure and register in 
the mind the duration of time in the 
succession of events. It is the crono- 
logical, statistical, periodizing, time- 
keeping faculty. 

It is a most essential element in mu- 
sic, as it measures the duration of 
tones. This faculty varies in degrees 
of development in musicians ; thus it is 
the occasion of much criticism among 



Persons who possess large Time, 
Order, Self -Esteem, Acquisitiveness 
and Combativeness are prompt to the 
minute in filling business engagements. 
If Alimentiveness is large, they are 
prompt at meal time; if Veneration is 
large, they are prompt at church, pray- 
er meeting and Sunday school. 

It is highly essential to the statisti- 
cian, editors of review and financial 
magazines. 

Lawyers who possess large Time, 
Locality, Eventuality, Individuality 
and Comparison are very critical and 



72 



HOW rO KKAD THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



exact in the examination and develop- 
ment of the testimony of a witness to 
the full limit of his knowledge, as to 

when and where a given event occur- 
red. This group of organs is common 
to man and animals. 



TUNE, 



The faculty of Tune sustains the 
same relation to the ear that color does 
to the eve. It apprehends and appre- 
ciates sounds, and is agreeably or dis- 
agreeably affected by them, thus it is 
distinctly the musical faculty, but does 
not wholly determine the different 
grades of music, as it is subject to the 
influence of the impulses of the pro- 
pensities and sentiments. Those who 
possess large Tune, Time, Amative- 
ness and a coarse temperament enjoy 
discoursing love songs, and music 
strongly tinged with the animated spir- 
it of licentiousness. One possessed of 
large Tune, Time, Ideality, Sublimity 
and a large head and fine temperament, 
the development and type of which is 
magnificently illustrated in the portrait 
of Richard Wagner (Fig. 63), discours- 
es and appreciates classical music in its 
highest grades cf perfection. 

The organ of Tune is situated in the 
lower lateral part of the forehead, un- 
der, and on each side of the temporal 
ridge, just under Mirthfulness and the 
anterior part of Ideality, and immedi- 
ately in front of Constructiveness at 
the point of the arrow in the portraits 
of Paderewski (Fig. 86) and Grieg 
(Fig. 92). Observe the marked width 
of the heads at this point in the por- 
traits of Floto (Fig. 88), Mozart 
(Fig. 87), Schubert (Fig. 90) and 
Hummel (Fig. 91). 

I have never observed a person 
whose head was narrow through the 
region of Tune that was able to exe- 
cute music, even to a mediocre degree. 

I delineated the character of a young 
lady in the presence of her mother in 



Detroit, Mich., in whom I discovered 
the faculty of Tune was very weak, as 
indicated by the narrowness of, her 
head in the region of the organ. I ob- 
served that her musical talent was not 
strong enough to justify its cultiva- 
tion, and that it would be a waste of 
time and money to attempt such a 
course; but as she possessed large 
Ideality, Form, Color and full 
Constructiveness that she could succeed 
in drawing and painting. Her mother 
looked at her, and said, "Isn't that 
strange; this gentleman has discovered 
in five minutes by an examination of 
your head what it has taken us seven 
years to learn." The daughter, turn- 
ing to' me, said : "I took music for 
seven years and failed and gave it up. 
I then took up painting and drawing, 
in which I am succeeding and with 
which I am delighted." Unlike music, 
which w 7 as more of a drudge than a 
pleasure." 

If mothers and daughters would con- 
sult phrenology and learn that it 
would teach them their talents in mu- 
sic and art, they could save an im- 
mense amount of time, energy and 
money. Music is a talent, a gift with 
which perfection comes with culture. 



LANGUAGE. 



The organ of Language is situated 
in the posterior part of the anterior 
lobe of the brain, in the third convolu- 
tion upon the posterior part of the su- 
perior orbiter plate. It pushes the eyes 
forward and downward, according to 
its development. When large it gives 
marked prominence to the eyes and un- 
der eyelids. A large development of 
this organ is splendidly illustrated in 
the portraits of Henry Ward Beecher 
(Fig. 93), and Wendell Phillips (Fig. 
94), Robert G. Ingersoll (Fig. 102). 
William Jennings Bryan (Fig. 64). 
These gifted orators are a few of the 
many witnesses whose command of 
the language proclaimed as eloquently 
the truth of Dr. Gall's localization of 





Fig. 87. Mozart 



Fig. 90. Schubert 




Fig. 88. Floto 



Fig. 91. Hummel 





Fig. 89. Von Bulow 



Fig. 92 Grieg 



74 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



the organ of Articulate Speech as they 
eloquently portrayed its functional 
power. 

When the organ is small the eyes are 
set back deep in their sockets, thus giv- 
ing- them a sunken appearance. It is 
only moderately developed in Fig. j6. 
Observe the difference in his deeply set 
eyes in comparison with the bulging" 
prominence of Beechers (Fig. 93). 

The function of the organ of Lan- 
guage is the power of articulate speech, 



by the civilized races, facilitated by 
steam and electricity, mark an epoch in 
the rapid evolutionary advance of a uni- 
versal education, and culture of the 
higher intellectual and moral faculties 
with a distinction not enjoyed by pre- 
ceding generations. 

The organ of Language was Dr. 
Gall's first phrenological discovery. It 
led him to the conclusion that if the 
power of speech depended upon a cer- 
tain part of the brain, that it was pos- 




Fig. 93. 
Henry Ward Beecher. Language large. 



spoken or written, memory of words, 
signs and the communicating faculty 
It enables us to impart the knowledge 
acquired by the intellectual faculties, 
and gives expression to our passions, 
feelings, impulses and sentiments. 

Articulate language greatly facili- 
tates the evolution of the higher facul- 
ties of the human mind. The marvel- 
ous speed of rapid inter-communi- 
cation enjoyed, now as never before, 



sible for other primary faculties of the 
mind to be connected with certain parts 
of the brain ; hence, his subsequent ob- 
servations and experiments confirmed 
his early convictions, and the establish- 
ment of the phrenological system of 
mental science. 

The organ of Language, or "speech 
center," as the modern physiologists see 
proper to call it, has been the subject 
of much interest among physiologists 



THE FACULTY OF LANGUAGE. 



75 



in the latter half of the century just 
closed. 

The discovery of the speech center 
has been credited to M. Broca by the 
modern physiologists, in place of Dr. 
Gall, who originally discovered the or- 
gan, and to whom the credit of its dis- 
covery legitimately belongs. Gall dis- 
covered the organ of Language more 
than sixty years before M. Broca redis- 
covered it in 1 86 1. This, however, is 
only another characteristic blunder of 
the medical men who make medical 
history. 



fore the Royal College of Physicians, 
June, 1890, Dr. Ferrier says (p. 15 of 
his published report) : 

"The connection between Aphemio, 
or Aphasia, and lesion, more particu- 
larly, viz., the base of the third frontal 
convolution, was first pointed out by 
Broca (1861). Broca' s observations 
have since been amply confirmed by 
clinical and pathological research, and 
further elucidated by physiological ex- 
periment." 

This is the story that is now told to 
the medical student by all his lecturing 




Fig. 94. 
Wendell Phillips, the Silver Tongued Orator. Language large 



The late Prof. William Matieu 
Williams gives a full history of Dr. 
Gall's discovery and M. Broca' s redis- 
covery of the organ of Language in a 
recent work entitled "Vindication of 
Phrenology/' from which I quote the 
following extracts : 

LANGUAGE — APHASIA. 

In his first Croonian lecture on 
"Cerebral Localization," delivered be- 



teachers, and in all his modern text 
books and I presume that these gentle- 
men believe that they are telling the 
truth. 

Dr. Bateman commences his elabor- 
ate work of 420 pages on "Aphasia, or 
Loss of Speech, and the Localization of 
the Faculty of Articulate Language," 
in the following language: 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE 



"The ne plus ultra of pathological to- 
pograph)-, however, was reserved to M. 
Broca, who originally defined the seat 
of lesion to be in the posterior part of 
the third frontal convolution of the left 
hemisphere. 

Dr. Ferrier tells us (Functions of the 
Brain ; 2nd edition, p. 444) that : 

The cause of this affliction (Aphasia 
was shown by Broca, and his observa- 
tions have been confirmed by thou- 
sands of other cases, to be associated 
with diseases in the region of the pos- 
terior extremity of the third left fron- 
tal convolution, w r here it abuts on the 
fissure of Sylvius, and overlaps the 
Island of Reil ; a region which I have 
shown corresponds with the situation 
of the motor centers of articulation in 
the monkey. 

Ferrier says in a foot note: "I do 
not consider it necessary in the present 
state of clinical medicine and pathology 
to enter at length into' cases and argu- 
ments in favor of the definite location 
of the lesion causing Aphasia ( or the 
loss of the faculty of speech) . I take it 
as established beyond all possibility of 
doubt." 

W. Mattieu Williams in his recent 
elaborate work, "Vindication of Phren- 
ology," says : "So completely has this 
become accepted and established as one 
of the irremovable landmarks of scien- 
tific history, that most of my readers 
will probably regard me as a hopeless 
paradoxer, an incurable crank, labor- 
ing under some extravagant delusion, 
when I distinctly assert that all these 
high authorities are guilty of gross and 
shameful blundering in thus attributing 
this discovery to Broca in 1861, and 
then I further assert that this so-called 
'Broca's convolution and its neighbor- 
hood,' as described in the above quota- 
tions from these high authorities, is the 
same region as that in which Gall lo- 
cated the faculty of articulate language 
and the seat of Aphasia more than six- 
ty years before the discovery was re- 
peated by Broca." 



THE REFLECTIVE OR REASON- 
ING ORGANS; THEIR FUNC- 
TIONAL POWERS AND RE- 
CIPROCAL RELATION AND 
INFLUENCE WITH THE 
OTHER FACULTIES OF 
THE MIND. 



This, the third and last group of the 
intellectual organs to be considered in 
their individual capacities, distinguishes 
man's intellectual superiority and indi- 
viduality more clearly from the lower 
animals than the perceptive and semi- 
perceptive organs combined. They 
constitute w T hat are called the powers of 
reason, which are the highest efforts of 
the human mind to apprehend causa- 
tion, compare and analyze the relation 
of causes and abstract principles. 

causality. 

The organ of Causality is situated in 
the upper forehead on each side of the 
organ of Comparison, in front of 
Mirthfulness, and just above the organs 
of Locality and Time. 

When the organs of Causality and 
Comparison are large, the forehead 
rises high, with a full, well rounded 
peripheral expansion, and a wall- like 
appearance. This group of organs is 
large and splendidly illustrated in the 
portraits of Herbert Spencer (Fig. 95). 
Richard Wagner (Fig. 63), Bismarck 
(Fig. 39), Robert G. Ingersoll (Fig. 
102), William McKinley (Fig. 97), 
Bishop Strong (Fig. 59), Pope Leo 
(Fig. 55), William Jennings Bryan 
(Fig. 64), and Judge Murphy (Fig. 

25). 

If this group of organs is moderate 
or small the forehead rapidly recedes 
from the perceptive organs. Observe 
the retreating forehead in Figs. 58-59. 
Observe the striking difference in the 
distance from the opening of the ear to 
the upper forehead in comparison with 
Spencer, Darwin, Ingersoll, Wagner 
and Bismarck. The narrow, contracted 
foreheads of the Gorilla (Fig. 96) and 
Chimpanzee (Fig. 98) clearly indicate, 
the strength of their intellectual endow- 
ments. Their reasoning and moral or- 
gans are only developed in a rudimen- 
tary form, the power of which is 



THE REASONING FACULTIES. 



77 



manifested too imperfectly to be classed 
with the reasoning faculties of man. 

The dog or ape reasons in his way 
to a limited degree. Thus, the higher 
grades of cultivated animals manifest 
in their actions some of the ingredients 
of reason, which entitle them to the 
rudimentary powers of the reasoning 
faculties. 



the tail and the head from the body 
part to which the wings were attached. 
He then took the body part in his jaws 
and rose about two feet from the 
ground; but a gentle breeze wafting 
the wing of the fly, turned him around 
in the air, and he settled again with his 
prey upon the gravel. I then distinct- 
ly observed him cut off with his mouth 




Fig. 95- 
Herbert Spencer, Philosopher. A Large, Magnificent Brain 



Many species of insects exhibit a 
high order of intelligence, and often 
apparent reason. Mr. Darwin gives 
his observation of a wasp, in which the 
evidence of reason seemed clear to him. 
He says : 

"A wasp on a gravel walk had caught 
a fly nearly as large as itself. Kneeling 
on the ground, I observel him separate 



first one of the wings and then the 
other, after which he flew away with 
it unmolested with the wind." 

Professor Haeckel claims that the 
different species of animals possess the 
powers of reason within the limits of 
their graduated development. He says : 

"The higher vertebrate (especially 
those mammals which are most nearly 



;s 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



related to man) have just as good a 
title to "reason" as man himself, and 
within the limits of the animal world 
there is the same gradual development 
of reason as in the case of humanity. 
The difference between the reason of a 
Goethe, a Kant, a Lamark, or a Darwin 
and that of the lowest savage, a Ved- 
dah, an Akka, a native of Australia, or 
a Patagonian, is much greater than the 
graduated difference between the rea- 
son of the latter and that of the most 



data; he becomes a theorist, a dreamer, 
thus leading him into the realm of the 
purely speculative. 

When the organ is small in a person, 
his reasoning powers are correspond- 
ingly limited. He accepts facts and 
data as they are without reflection, and 
exhibits an indifferent interest to the 
subject in which the elements of reason 
and the principles of logic are involved. 

The reasoning faculties often aid un- 
scrupulous persons in justifying dis- 




Fig. 96. 
Gorilla, A savage head and face, strong Motive Temperament 



"rational" mammals, the anthropoid 
apes, or even the papiomorpha, the dog 
or the elephant.''* Haeckel's Riddle of 
the Universe, page 125. 

This is the faculty that gives man a 
desire to look for causes, motives and to 
trace out the reason why. When very 
large and active, and the perceptive or- 
gans moderate or average, he often rea- 
sons without the support of facts or 



honest acts. The religious fanatic en- 
deavors to show by his his peculiar sys- 
tem of reasoning that his theology and 
creed are the only ones that are strictly 
in harmony with the Bible, and that all 
other creeds are false and misleading. 
When the reasoning faculties are exces- 
sively developed they sometimes lead to 
self-delusion, when they wander from a 



THE REFLECTIVE ORGANS. 



79 



direct relation to facts and substantial 
data, which is the source of pure reason. 

Persons in whom the reasoning or- 
gans are small cannot appreciate cir- 
cumstantial evidence. Ideas and ab- 
stract principles do not elicit their at- 
tention. 

Causality and Constructiveness are 
the high lights of the human mind. 
Each epoch that has marked the evolu- 
tion of civilization, not enjoyed by the 



COMPARISON. 

The organ of Comparison is located 
in the middle of the upper part of the 
forehead on the median line just above 
Eventuality and below the organ of 
Human Nature. When large it gives a 
sharply marked prominence to this re- 
gion of the forehead ; on the other hand, 
when small, the forehead recedes and 
gives a flat appearance at this point. It 
is very prominently developed in the 
heads of Thomas B. Reed (Fig. 26), 




Fig. 97. 

William H. McKinley, 

A well formed head, the distance from the opening of the ears to that towering forehead Is very marked 



lower order of animals is measured by 
the productive resources of Causality 
and Constructiveness. This combina- 
tion of faculties gives inventive genius 
to the human mind, which is magnifi- 
cently illustrated in the portrait of 
Thomas A. Edison (Fig. 62). 



Robert G. Ingersoll (Fig. 102), Henry 
Ward Beecher (Fig. 93), Sir Wil- 
fred S. Laurier (Fig. 100) and Wil- 
liam Jennings Bryan (Fig. 64). 

The function of this organ is to com- 
pare differences, identities, resem- 
blances, and dissimilarities of objects, 



80 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE 



principles, and the illustrator of 
thought and ideas. It perceives and ap- 
prehends analogies, and draws infer- 
ences by inductive reasoning-. When 
large in a person, he possesses the pow- 
er of criticism, analysis, and of readily 
appreciating the value of metaphors and 
figures of speech. It is a potential fac- 
tor in ridicule and striking- illustrations. 
It is most essential to the lawyer in 
comparing law cases and evidence, and 
aids him in argument. 



Form, configuration; Calculation, num- 
bers; Size, magnitude; Weight, 
weights, etc. 

The faculty of Comparison gives an 
accelerating influence and brilliancy to 
the mind. Persons who possess large 
Comparison, Causality, Mirthfulness, 
Combativeness, Individuality and. an 
active, volatile temperament, are quick 
in original thought, wit and humor. 
This combination of faculties is largely 
developed in the Irish people. 




Fig. 



Fig. 99. 



The faculty of Comparison com- 
pares objects, things, opinions, ideas 
and principles generally, while each of 
the other intellectual faculties only com- 
pares the objects, qualities and condi- 
tions to which its instinctive percep- 
tion and apprehension is related; thus 
the faculty of Color compares colors, 
shades and hues ; Tune compares tones ; 



It is the analytical and criticizing fac- 
ulty. Comparison, Individuality and 
Weight are highly essential to the 
chemist. This combination with Ideal- 
ity and Color large is most important 
to the botanist. Comparison is highly 
essential to the writer of fiction. 

Comparison and Causality are the 
crowning faculties of the human intel- 
lect. 



THE FACULTY OF HUMAN NATURE. 



81 



HUMAN NATURE. 



The organ of Human Nature is sit- 
uated on the median line, just at the 
point where the forehead rounds off to 
form the top, immediately above Com- 
parison, and just in front of Benevo- 
lence. It is splendidly illustrated in 
the portraits of Sir Wilfred S. Laurier, 
Premier of Canada (Fig. ioo), at the 
point of the arrow, and also at the 



and motive, as ihey are represented in 
the human head and face, personal ap- 
pearance and the general bearing of in- 
dividuals. 

It is the physiognomical faculty 
that reads strangers at a glance. Every 
person is a physiognomist, and thus 
discerns character and motive to a 
degree corresponding with the develop- 
ment of the organ and extent of obser- 
vation and experience with men. It 




Fig. ioo. Sir Wilfred Laurier, Premier of Canada. 
A strong head and face, Large Human Nature and Benevolence, reads strangers at a glance 



point of the arrow in the profile view 
of Sol smith Russell (page 56). It is 
strongly represented in the portrait of 
Robert G. Ingersoll (Fig. 102). 

This faculty gives an intuitive dis- 
cerning perception of human nature 



compares and measures man with man. 
trait with trait, and motive with mo- 
tive. Those who possess large Human 
Nature, Comparison, Individuality and 
Form observe the conduct, conversa- 
tion, habits, manners and little things 



82 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



that people do with a most critical and 
jealous eye; and if Secretiveness, De- 
structiveness and Cautiousness are 
large, and Conscientiousness is small, 
they are suspicious of people and talk 
in a derogatory manner about them; 
and take great delight in throwing the 
shadows of disgrace over people and 
besmirching their characters, and 
sowing the seeds of dissension and 
trouble. 

Those who are endowed with large 
Human Nature, Benevolence, Con- 
scientiousness, Comparison and Form, 
read, understand and appreciate the di- 
versified types of character and condi- 
tions and environment under which 
men exist. This combination of facul- 
ties is strongly marked in the portraits 
of Ingersoll, Beecher, Phillips and Dr. 
Strong. 

The faculty of Human Nature is 
highly essential to every person, but of 
more value to some than others. The 
lawyer should be able to read men and 
motives like a book, as it is men with 
whom their profession requires them to 
deal. 

I have observed the heads of many 
eminent and distinguished lawyers, and 
without a single exception this organ 
was from full to very large. 

It is a most essential faculty to the 
physician, as it' enables him to read 
and discern the disposition and char- 
acteristics of his patients; thus, a 
knowledge which is highly essential to 
his practice. 

The lawyer and doctor should pos- 
sess a thorough knowledge of the Sci- 
ence of Phrenology, and its practical 
application in the analysis of character 
and motive. 

Persons who are engaged in such 
pursuits as require daily contact with 
strangers should possess large Human 
Nature and a knowledge of Phren- 
ology. 

The teacher who cannot read the dis- 
positions, talents and characteristics of 
the children w*ho come under his 
charge, cannot control and impart in- 
struction in a manner that will disci- 
pline, train and develop the mentality 



and character of them to the full limit 
of their natural possibilities. 

The man who can read human na- 
ture and understand how, when and 
where to touch the mainsprings of hu- 
man character and motive, is equipped 
with a power to influence, control and 
manipulate men as no man is, who is 
not so trained. 





hIHi ^i 


' ) • 'A > v * 

4ff/ 


wk 




1 


l- „'• ' ' „?,;.».•» 







Fig. ioo. 

The Preadamite Man. 

Human Nature an Agreeableness very small 



AGREEABLENESS. 



This organ is situated on each side 
of the organ of Human Nature at the 
point where the forehead rounds off to 
form the top, immediately in front of 
Imitation, and just above the organs of 
Causality and Mirthfulness, and is 
splendidly illustrated in the front view 
portrait of Sol Smith Russell (Fig. 
47), in the fore of the point of the ar- 
row. 

It was prominently developed in the 
head of the late Robert G. Ingersoll, as 
is splendidly illustrated in his portrait 
(Fig. 102). Observe the magnificent 
development of this combination of or- 
gans grouped in the same region of the 
brain, which are kindred in functional 
power, embracing Agreeableness, Hu- 
man Nature, Benevolence, Imitation, 



THE FACULTY OF AGREEABLENESS. 



83 



Causality, Comparison and Mirthful- 
ness, and the power of which were ex- 
hibited so beautifully in his character 
and life's history. The mark of differ- 
entiated development between this com- 
bination of organs in the head of the 
Preadamite man (Fig*. 101), and that 
of Ingersoll, Laurier, Darwin or Spen- 
cer, is as striking as the difference in 
the degrees of their psychic manifesta- 



ables a person to be pliable, conciliatory, 
smooth and winning in manners, per- 
sonal bearing and influence among 
those with whom he comes in personal 
contact. 

Persons in whom the organs of 
Agreeableness, Benevolence and Ap- 
probativeness are large, and with Self- 
Esteem only moderate or average, pos- 
sess and manifest unselfish, polished. 




Fig. 102. 
Col. Robert G. Ingersoll. 
Large^head, a fine intellect, large form, large language and oratorical power. Strong Vital Temperament 



tions. The quality, character and 
the different degrees of psycho- 
logical power manifested by the Pre- 
adamite man and Robert G. Ingersoll 
are perfect corresponding concomitants 
of the differences in the size, quality 
and configuration of their brains. 

The functional manifestation -of the 
organ of Agreeableness is suavity, 
blandness, persuasiveness, agreeable 
adaptability and conformity in manners, 
and sweetness of disposition. It en- 



refined and agreeable manners ; if Self- 
Esteem is large, they often exhibit a 
condescending and patronizing disposi- 
tion; and if Secretiveness is large they 
sometimes lead people to suspect their 
sincerity in statement and manner. 

When this organ is small, and De- 
structiveness and Combativeness are 
large, it gives a disagreeable, stern and 
positive expression to the face. It is il- 
lustrated as moderately developed in 
Figs. 30 and 50, and very small in 



64 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



Figs. 48 and 61, It is large in Fig-. 49, 
the pickpocket, and full in Fig-. 51, the 
notorious confidence man. 

This faculty is highly essential to the 
clergyman and physician, and most im- 
portant to the salesman on the road and 
behind the counter. The manifestation 
of this faculty is universally acceptable, 
but more essential to those whose occu- 
pations require constant intercourse 
with people. 

I have known men in whom this or- 
sran was small and their manner of ad- 
dress was so abrupt, disagreeable and 
repulsive that they were universally dis- 
liked. It is difficult for those who are 
so constituted to play the part of the 
agreeable, even under ,the most favor- 
able circumstances. Some men think 
they cannot push their business success- 
fully unless they are cross and disagree- 
able to their employes. I once knew a 
man in whom the organ of Agreeable- 
ness was very small, and the organs of 
Acquisitiveness, Combativeness and 
Self-Esteem were large. Thus, he was 
most energetic, industrious, grasping 
and close-fisted and exasperatingly ex- 
acting and disagreeable to his em- 
ployes. One of his men told me that he 

believed Mr. lay awake 

nights studying how to make the peo- 
ple about him miserable and get more 
work out of his employes. 

Those in whom the organs of Agree- 
ableness and Approbativeness are small 
and the organs of Benevolence, Firm- 
ness and Combativeness are large, will 
perform benevolent deeds in a most 
disagreeable manner. On the other 
hand, those who possess large Agree- 
ableness, Benevolence, Self-Esteem and 
Firmness, will bestow charity in a most 
kindly and acceptable manner. 

This faculty inspires man with the 
impulse of good fellowship, and gives 
him a pliable, smooth, harmonious af- 
fability among men. 



THE ANTI-PRHENOLOGIST. 



The anti-phrenologists are those who 
deny that phrenology is a science. This 
class of people are those who have 
never been instructed in its teachings; 
therefore know nothing of its claims as 
a scientific psychology of the human 
mind. The pedant who is a member of 
this class of opponents is ever ready, 
without mental reservation whatever, to 
denounce phrenology in most extrava- 
gant and unmeasured terms; but when 
plied with a few appropriate questions 
as to his objections to the science it be- 
comes apparent at once that they 
are neither founded on fact nor 
logic, and are nothing more than the 
empty assertions of a pedantic preten- 
der to knowledge that he does not pos- 
sess. 




Fig. 103. 

Vertical section of the skull and brain, 

Showing the close conformation of the skull to the brain 



The chief objection and most power- 
ful weapon that has been relied upon by 
most opponents to vanquish the claims 
of phrenology, as a subject of serious 
consideration from the field of scientific 
research, has been the varying shades of 
thicknesses of skulls, which would pre- 
vent a correct measurement of the ex- 
act size of the brain. This objection 
has been practically withdrawn by 
physiologists and is no longer con- 
sidered valid. Professor George M. 
Humphrey, of Cambridge University, 



THE ANTI-PHRENOLOGIST. 



85 



in his treatise on the Human Skull (p. 
207), freely admits the correspondence 
between the skull and brain, and fur- 
ther adds: "The arguments against 
phrenology must be of a deeper kind 
than to convince any one who has care- 
fully considered the subject." Observe 
Fig. 103 and see how closely the skull 
conforms to the brain, and how uni- 
form the thickness of the skull. It 



much live substance, and as capable of 
adapting itself to the requirements of 
the brain's form and growth as the 
nails are to the growth and form of the 
fingers. In the growth and expansion 
of the skull the same natural process of 
circulating, assimilating and absorbing 
of material for the reorganization of its 
fibres is going on, as is continually 
going on in the nervous and muscular 




Fig-. 104. 
Rev. Dr. Lyman Abbott. 
Mental Temperament, Magnificent Intellectual and Moral developments 



should be remembered that the skull is 
made for the brain and not the brain 
for the skull; thus it is as natural for 
the skull to conform to the growth and 
shape of the brain as for the shell to 
conform to the shape of the egg, or the 
bark to a tree. The continued physio- 
logical changes that are going on in 
the bony material indicate that it is as 



organization ; not, however, with the 
same degree of activity, owing to the 
nature of the solidity of the bony sub- 
stance. Hence, it can be readily seen 
from a purely physiological standpoint 
how a given organ of the brain can be 
cultivated and increased in size and 
power of activity to a degree that it will 
cause the skull to gradually yield to its 



86 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



requirements for more space for its in- 
creased functional operations. 

I am often asked the question if it is 
possible to cultivate a weak faculty un- 
til its organ would show a visible in- 
crease in size on the outer surface of 
the head. That it will has been demon- 
strated beyond a doubt. In the 
course of my professional examinations 
I have made some most interesting ob- 
servations and discoveries by way of 
verifying this most important fact. I 
have examined the heads of men in 
whom I found a particular organ devel- 
oped to a degree and form that gave 
every evidence of culture, and so stated 
my opinion to my clients, who readily 
corroborated my observation by telling 
me that they had followed the vocation 
to which that particular organs relates 
for many years. 

In the course of from fifteen to 
twenty years close application to the 
education and culture of a faculty, the 
organ to which it is related will show a 
corresponding increase in the peri- 
pheral expansion at the point of its lo- 
cation on the head. 

Another objection that is sometimes 
raised against phrenology is that it 
teaches fatalism and leads to material- 
ism. If its lessons teach fatalism and 
lead to materialism, phrenology is not 
responsible for what it leads to as a sci- 
ence, as it only interprets the facts as 
they are found in nature. That nature 
has determined certain limits to mental 
power and acquirement is manifestly 
clear to every student of human nature, 
a fact which has been demonstrated, 
and is being demonstrated in every uni- 
versity and college that the teacher 
cannot furnish with lessons and in- 
struction, the talent nature failed to 
supply. Therefore, the student can 
never, with even the stimulus of atten- 
tive, persistent mental application, do 
more than improve the weak faculty to 
the degree proportionate to its natural 
functional power. The fate of heredit- 
ary law decreed the limit of its suscepti- 
bility to improvement, as well as its 
natural power of function. 



Professor Ferrier says upon this 
point : "We are apt to be carried away 
with the vague notion that there is no 
limit to acquirement, except our defect 
of application on some other curable 
weakness of our own. There are, how- 
ever, very manifest limits. We are all 
blockheads in something; some of us 
fail in mechanical aptitude, some in 
music, some in language, some in sci- 
ence, memory, in one of their lines of 
capacity is a rope of sand; there must 
be in each case a deficiency of cerebral 
substance for that class of connec- 
tions." 

There are other minor objections 
that have been raised against the sci- 
ence which have never been sustained 
by facts, or logical reasoning ; but space 
is too limited to treat them here. I re- 
fer those who desire to see full and 
complete answers to all the objections 
that have been lodged against the sci- 
ence of phrenology to William M. 
Williams' late work, "Vindication of 
Phrenology." 



THE PHYSIOGNOMICAL LAN- 
GUAGE OF THE PHRENOLO- 
GICAL ORGANS AS EX- 
PRESSED IN THE HU- 
MAN HEAD AND 
FACE, 



Physiognomy deals with the science 
of human nature as it is expressed in 
the natural language of the phrenolo- 
gical organs by the configuration of 
the human head and face. « 

However, in its broadest sense, 
physiognomy gives an interpretation 
of the language indicated in the forms 
of objects and things in general. The 
face of nature presents to man's view 
her varied forms of objects and fea- 
tures which stimulate his observation 
and excite his wonder and enthuse 
him with admiration ; but limited space 
restricts my observation here to the 
human head and face. 



PHYSIOGNAMY AND TEMPERAMENT. 



87 



The law of differentiation has set its 
mark of individuality upon the form of 
every man's head and face. 

There are no two heads or faces ex- 
actly alike; this is universally admitted. 
Thus, character as a concomitant to the 
head, face and body sustains a perfect 
corresponding relation. The refined, 
classical features of E. Burton Holmes 
(Fig. 28) present a striking contrast 
to the cast of countenance represented 
in the portraits of Figs. 21, 22, 23 and 
Fig. 30. Observe the splendidly formed 
head and intellectual and refined fea- 
tures of Francis Willard (Fig. 54), in 
comparison with the head and face of 
the woman who represents the Primi- 
tive Settler (Fig. 105). 

Observe the marked difference be- 
tween that strong, magnanimous coun- 
tenance of Professor Billroth (Fig. 
74) and Figs. 30 and 60. Observe the 
refined, cultured and kindly expression 
in the countenance of Judge Murphy 
(Fig. 25), in comparison with the 
stern, positive and imperious facial ex- 
pression of Bismarck, the Iron Chan- 
cellor (Fig. 39). The clearly defined 
lines of demarcation are as distinctively 
drawn between the talents, dispositions 
and characteristics of men, as their 
heads. Faces and bodily configuration 
vary in size, form and quality of tem- 
perament, etc. 



PHYSIOGNOMY AND TEMPER- 
AMENT. 



A knowledge of the temperaments is 
highly essential in the study of physi- 
ognomy, as the tpye of temperament 
corresponds with and determines cer- 
tain clearly defined mental characteris- 
tics. The Motive Temperament, for 
example, is combined with a special 
group of organs, embracing Firmness, 
Self-Esteem, Combativeness, Individ- 
uality and Comparison. The organs 
of Approbativeness, Agreeableness, 
Mirthfulness and Ideality on the other 
hand, are not so strongly marked ; thus 
the distinguishing features of the face 
are a long, stiff, upper lip, and some- 
times a tufted or shaggy projecting 



brow, prominent cheek bones, a strong 
nose, often aquiline in form, and an 
angular and rugged chin, thus giving 
a strong masculine, aggressive, stern 
expression to the countenance. 

The temperaments are fully defined 
and illustrated on pages 16 to 25. 
OF The hair. 

That the human hair betokens char- 
acter to a degree corresponding with 
the importance of its relation to the 
human body, there can be no doubt. 
Therefore, its importance as an index 
to the temperamental conditions of the 




Fig. 105. 

A Primitive Settler, A narrow, small forehead, 

unimproved intellect 



human organization is highly essen- 
tial in the analysis of character. The 
texture of the hair corresponds with 
the very fiber of bone, muscle and 
brain which is in accordance with that 
harmonizing law of homogenity. 

The stronger and more decided col- 
ors of hair are termed black, dark 
brown, red. reddish-brown or auburn, 
golden and ash colored, with a great 
variety of shadings in these decided 
colors. 

Dark hair indicates strength and 
power; when very black, straight and 
lanky, it betokens melancholy, depres- 
sion, a snivelling or a groaning, whin- 
ing disposition, always burdened with 



88 



HOW rO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



despondent ideas and depiciting our 

eternal future with gloom and sadness. 
Whatever of enjoyment or pleasure 
that is taken by a person so constitut- 
ed, is veiled with an air of quietude 
and despondency that leads many per- 
sons to seriously doubt if they really 
do enjoy themselves at all. Fortunate- 
ly, this class of blue-black, straight- 
haired people, who are intolerant and 
overbearing- toward the weakness of 
others is not numerous. We rarely 
meet the purely melancholic face; but 
its modified forms are quite numerous 
among the various shades of dark- 
haired people. 

Dark hair which has a tendency to 
curl indicates a lively, ardent, affection- 
ate and merry disposition — a warm 
temperament, decided and passionate, 
according to the shade of the hair. 
Dark and very curly hair denotes 
strong impulses, affection and a quick 
temper, but soon over and generously 
forgiving. 

Straight, smooth, brown hair with 
its variety of shades and hues, is very 
characteristic. Those who possess any 
of these shades of brown hair are more 
or less of a romantic and sentimental 
cast of mind, fond of travel, broad and 
liberal-minded, yet firm in conviction 
and decided in opinion. They are often 
extravagant and prodigal in their ex- 
penditure, more through an impulsive 
good nature than from any other 
cause. Brown hair when smooth, soft 
and pliable, denotes fine sensibilities 
and a sympathetic disposition, and oft- 
en strongly marked femfmine attrib- 
utes; strong friendship, love of society 
and a desire to please; ample self-con- 
fidence without conceit. They are cau- 
tious in manner, sensitive to criticism 
and sometimes quick-tempered. 

Dark, coarse, stiff hair indicates a 
coarse temperament; thus a corre- 
spondingly rugged character and 
coarse, rough, blunt manners. 

RED HAIR. 

Red, or reddish hair, indicates 
strength of animal force, bodily en- 
ergy and mental activity, which are es- 
sential to. and if properly directed to a 
profession, lead to success. 



The fair-haired blond individuals 
manifest marked vivacity, intensity of 
feeling, are impulsive and often discon- 
tented, and frequently possess desires 
for things they cannot precisely de- 
fine. They are restless and lack the 
power of application; fond of amuse- 
ment, and the lighter shaded blondes 
are often dreamers, listless and moony. 
They are affectionate but not con- 
stant. Their impulsive natures are 
easily influenced and swayed by cir- 
cumstances. They are active but not 
powerful, more observing than re- 
flective, more brilliant than deep. They 
are easily put off the main line and 
side-tracked; readily change from one 
thing to another ; as a rule, they are 
weak in the power of persistent appli- 
cation. 

The pliability, softness or harshness 
of the hair has an important signifi- 
cance, a knowledge of which is most 
valuable to the Physiognomist. Fine, 
silky hair reveals a very different type 
of temperament and character from 
coarse, harsh, stiff hair, such as you 
would find on persons as repre- 
sented in Figs. 21 and 22. The pos- 
sessors of these soft, hair types are fine 
grained, highly strung and sensitive. 
They are fond of literature and readily 
respond with a keen appreciation to 
music. 



THE EYEBROWS AND SCENERY AROUND 
THEM. 

The form and extent of the growth 
of the eyebrows contribute an import- 
ant significance to many traits peculiar 
to human nature. The thickness and 
extent of the eyebrows indicate and aid 
the student of physiognomy in determ- 
ining the temperamental conditions 
and their influence upon mental mani- 
festation. 

The meeting and separation of the 
eyebrows are regarded by observers of 
human nature as most characteristic 
siens of traits of character. 

The meeting of the eyebrows is sig- 
nificant of a tricky, untrustworthy 
character. Those who possess this 



THE EYE BROWS. 



form of eyebrows should be looked 
upon with suspicion; they surely lack 
open candor and frankness, and with 
alluring temptations yield readily to 
dishonest acts. 

The meeting* of the eyebrows is 
sufficient to put the observer on his 
guard. 

On the other hand an extended space 
between the eyebrows betokens an 
open, frank, unsuspecting nature; a 
clearly defined characteristic which 
cannot be doubted. Self-conviction 
will come to the reader with self-ob- 
servation of the fact. 

The gracefully curved eyebrows in- 
dicate delicacy and tenderness of feel- 
ing, artistic talent, refined taste and 
sentiment. The curved eyebrows 
should not be too high above the eyes; 
they tell of weakness and indecision of 
character. The graceful, curving and 
drooping eyebrows are pretty, but are 
not marked types of strong will pow- 
er. They are more indicative of fine 
breeding, taste, culture and refinement. 

The full and rather straight eyebrow 
is more practical than theoretical. 
Those who possess this form of eye- 
brow are close observers, gather facts 
readily and apply them with good judg- 
ment. 

Those who possess uneven, untidy, 
shaggy, bushy eyebrows on firm brows 
are men who are often endowed with 
great force of character, but careless of 
personal appearances. The drooping 
brow denotes sadness and melancholy. 
The rising of the brow at the points 
near the temples indicates an aptitude 
for figures. 

It may be accepted as a rule that 
strongly marked eyebrows are indica- 
tive of decision, stability of character 
and strong mental power. Charles Dar- 
win (Fig. 73) possessed a very strong 
and significant brow. 

THE FORMS AND COLOR OF THE EYES. 

The black eye is not very common, 
which is most fortunate for the human 
race. It is untrustworthy, artful, craf- 
ty, and not to be commended except for 
its fiery, bold glances. It indicates ar- 
dent affection and strong passion; an 
indomitable, uncompromising will and 



an overbearing, high tempered disposi- 
tion. The villain in the play is gener- 
ally the black haired, black eyed, "bold, 
bad man," with dark complexion. 

He is the fearless ruffian, bold buc- 
caneer and free-booter, with roving, 
fierce, fiery black eyes. Eyes that are 
black and brows that unite over thick, 
heavy, hanging lids and slightly de- 
pressed nose, indicate brutality and 
sensuality. Observe Fig. 106. 

The brown eyes merit a more favor- 
able consideration than the black ones. 
The brown eye is an excellent charac- 
teristic. It indicates love and affection, 
energy and courage; when accompa- 
nied with good brows, steady, pene- 
trating glances from such orbs are very 




.^» f& 




Fig. 106. 

Turner, who was executed for the murder of a young woman 

in Louisville, Ky., in 1887. A coarse, brutal 

head and face 

fascinating. The changing hues of 
these eyes sometimes forecast a fickle, 
impulsive temperament, with strong 
passions, and a rather quick temper. 
The happy possessor of brown eyes is 
as a general rule honest and fair in his 
dealings. 

The dark-flecked, full, round eyes 
that look you boldly and squarely in the 
face are the orbs which can be trusted ; 
but they are sometimes inclined to trifle 
in love affairs, and look upon a flirta- 
tion as an enjoyable pastime. 



90 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



Brown eyes oftentimes indicate an 
irritable disposition, especially if the 
hairs of the brows project out where 
they intersect at the root of the nose. 

The big", round, full, open, clear, 
brown eyes undoubtedly are the most 
interesting and fascinating in the op- 
posite sex. The}' are more admired 
and complimented than all the colors 
and hues represented in the human eye. 



BLUE EYES. 



There are different shades of blue 
eyes. The dark, keen, penetrating blue 
eye, the pale, bright blue eye, and the 
glassy, blue eye, which is represented in 
Fig. 23. This shade of blue indicates 
envy, jealousy and a cunning, design- 
ing, unscrupulous disposition. They 
are found often among thieves, confi- 
dence men and murderers. Those who 
possess the glassy blue eye should be 
looked upon with suspicion. 

The soft, gentle, sad blue eye indi- 
cates tender affection and a confiding 
disposition. Their appealing, loving, 
winning and sympathetic expressive 
glances penetrate the very soul like Cu- 
pid's darts. To resist them is impossi- 
ble, to look into them thrills the heart 
with a sweet, responsive affection that 
haunts one like a dream. 

The large, bright, intelligent blue 
eye is much to be admired; how they 
sometimes dazzle and bewilder, now 
melting, and now softly glance with 
sympathy and love; then flash with 
scorn, and then swim in tears. They 
sparkle with humor, and delight with 
a meaning you never forget. 

The poets have drawn inspiration 
from the blue eyes, as you will see from 
the following beautiful lines : 

"Brown her curls are, and her eyes, . 
In whose depths Love's heaven lies, 
Owe their color to the skies." 

— Anon. 

Mrs. Osgood gives praise in the fol- 
lowing lines to the eyes that borrow 
their light from the azure skies : 



"Those laughing orbs that borrow 
From azure skies the light they wear 

Are like heaven — no sorrow 
Can float o'er hues so fair." 



GRAY EYES. 



Gray eyes indicate intelligence, bril- 
liancy and an aptitude in the acquisi- 
tion of knowledge. They are some 
times found among the criminal classes 
of the worst type for the reason that 
they are bright, sharp and keen in ob- 
servation, and ready and versatile in the 
application of knowledge. They are 
bold and daring in the extreme; will 
carry their plans through at any risk; 
but when the moral faculties are strong 
and their talents are directed in the 
proper channel, they usually rise above 
the common level of intelligence to a 
position of prominence. The gray eye 
can be relied upon for shrewdness and 
talent which is manifested in some di- 
rection, good or bad. If good, very 
good ; if bad, very bad. 



HAZEL EYES. 



The dark, hazel eye is beautiful and 
full of platonic sentiment. It is true 
and reliable. Those who possess the 
hazel eye are sometimes fickle and 
quick-tempered ; but their intentions are 
honorable and well meaning. They 
have more of good to their balance than 
evil. You can safely sing the praises 
of the hazel eyes. 



THE NOSE AND ITS CHARAC- 
TERISTICS. 



The prominent position occupied by 
the nose in the human face gives to the 
physiognomist a splendid view of the 
distinguishing traits of character it rep- 
resents. 

The evolutionary development of the 
diminutive pug nose of the infant up to 
maturity corresponds with the gradual 
development of the psychic forces as 
they mold themselves into well defined 



THE NOSE INDICATES CHARACTER. 



91 



traits of character which are represent- 
ed in its size and configuration. The 
snub nose, protruding lips and project- 
ing teeth of the Irish biddy tell of her 
coarse, uncultured ancestry and unfa- 
vorable environments. Observe the 
striking contrast between the refined 
Grecian type of nose as represented in 
the portraits of Fig. 92 and Fig. 104; 
also observe the culture and refinement 
so clearly represented in the portrait of 
Frances Willard (Fig. 56) and the low 
type of the untutored mind of the Prim- 
itive Settler (Fig. 105). One has de- 
scended through the filtering process of 
education, culture and refinement for 
many generations, while the other is 
the crude, simple product of an inferior 
grade of uncultured ancestry, which 
was more closely identified with the 
Ape family than the higher type of the 
race she represents — vulgarity and the 
low, vicious traits of character which 
are the products of a long line of an- 
cestors, whose brains were never stimu- 
lated to action by education, culture and 
the refinements of civilization. Ob- 
serve the coarse, brutal nose and mouth 
in combination in Fig. 106, in contrast 
with that strongly and well formed 
nose and mouth of Richard Wagner 
(Fig. 63). 

The low, cunning, vicious and vulgar 
animal instincts which are unrestrained 
by the higher intellectual and moral fac- 
ulties portray themselves with well de- 
fined impressions in the contour and 
lines of the face. 

The nose may be classed under four 
general heads: — 

First — The Roman Nose. 

Second — The Greek Nose. 

Third— The Jewish Nose. 

Fourth — The Celestial Nose. 

The Roman nose indicates energy, 
and ability to battle down and sur- 
mount obstructing obstacles. It is the 
nose of the warrior, the leader and 
pioneer. Julius Caesar, Lucretius, 
Cato, Napoleon, Charlemagne, Colum- 
bus, Charles V. of Spain, Lord Wel- 
lington, Andrew Jackson, Thomas H. 
Benton, Gen. Winfield Scott, Gen. 
Taylor, Gen. Sherman and Gen. Sheri- 
dan, all possessed the Roman type of 
nose. 



The Greek nose betokens refinement, 
taste, a love for the beautiful in art and 
nature. This form of nose received its 
name from the art loving Greeks whose 
sculptors gave this beautiful type of 
nose to their deities, and we find it 
beautifully chiseled upon the faces of 
Apollo, Juno and Venus. 

The Jewish nose is strictly the com- 
mercial nose, which is one of the dis- 
tinguishing physiognomical features of 
this remarkable race of people in whom 
the commercial faculty is a predomin- 
ating and ruling instinct. The convex 
form and the marked width of the nose 
at the middle section corresponds with 
the marked width of his head at the 
point where the organs of Acquisitive- 
ness and the executive powers are situ- 
ated. The Jewish head and face fur- 
nish positive proof and a splendid illus- 
tration of the truths of phrenology and 
physiognomy. It is as natural for a 
Hebrew to make money and accumu- 
late property as for a duck to swim, or 
a bee to make honey. This type of nose 
is not limited to the Jewish race, but it 
is found to have been distinctly marked 
in the ancient Phoenicians, who were 
Syrians. It is maintained by some writ- 
ers that the Arabs of the present day, 
who possess this form of nose, have de- 
scended through the Son of Hagar 
from Abraham. 

The snub nose indicates weakness 
and often a very coarse type of charac- 
ter; with strong propensities for licen- 
tious habits, vice and crime. This type 
of nose is splendidly represented in 
Figs. 105 and 106. It is usually found 
with coarse, protruding lips. 

The Celestial nose is the inquisitive 
nose. It is a strong and more refined 
nose than the snub nose. It is longer 
and more refined in its outline. It is 
the converse of the Roman or Jewish 
type. It is more common among wo- 
men than men. It denotes an inquisi- 
tive, curiosity-seeking disposition. It 
is the nose that is constantly prying 
into other people's affairs. Those who 
possess this type of nose often manifest 
great concern about the little things 
that pertain to their neighbors' busi- 
ness. They keep themselves well in- 
formed upon the current events and 



92 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



popular gossip in the neighborhood in 

which they live. It is the nose that 
takes more interest in other people's af- 
fairs than its own. It cannot be 
safely trusted with confidential mat- 
ters. The snub and Celestial noses are 
interesting because of the child-like 
simplicity and weakness of character 
they represent. These forms of noses 
when modified by the refining- influences 
of education and culture, until the out- 
line of the Grecian type is visible, give 
grace and refinement to the general 
mold of the face. 

The nose, the tip of which points 
downward, represents the apprehensive 
faculty which forcasts the general trend 
of events, and the plans and motives of 
men. 




Fig. 107. 
The Mouth of a Pessimist, Faultfinder and Chronic Grumbler 



An excessive downward extension of 
the apprehensive nose denotes de- 
spondency, melancholy, and foreshad- 
ows life with darkness and gloom. Ob- 
serve Fig. 108. The upturned Celestial 
type represents more of the bright, 
cheerful sunshine of the present. It 
borrows no troubles from the future 
and harbors none of the troubles of the 
past. Those who possess the Celestial 
nose take the Scripture literally where 
it says : "Sufficient unto the day is the 
evil thereof." 

The American Indian has a strong- 
nose, strong combative power and ag- 
gression. Truly the warrior's nose. 
The breadth of the wings of the nose 
at the base indicates secretiveness. 

The observer of human nature will 
not look to the rose in vain for well de- 
fined traits of character which it as 
clearly represents as its position is 
prominent in the human face. 



THE NATURAL LANGUAGE OF 

HUMAN NATURE AS IT IS 

REPRESENTED IN THE 

FORM OF THE MOUTH 

AND LIPS. 



The Mouth may be defined as the 
aperture in the face through which food 
passes and the voice is uttered. 

This definition is based upon a state- 
ment of facts, but a broader definition 
of the Mouth and Lips than that of a 
receptacle for food and the utterance of 
articulate sounds is required -for the 
whole language of the mouth's silent 
expressions. The eyes may flash with 
intelligence and sparkle with wit, cen- 
sure or blame, frighten or console 
by a glance, so the mouth and lips may 
express pleasure, delight, contempt, or 
pain, disappointment, shame and sor- 
row without the utterance of a sound. 
Observe the hard, cold expression on 
the lips of Fig. 35. 

Orators and actors appreciate the 
value of facial expression in the play of 
the lips when they wish to impress upon 
their audiences the character they rep- 
resent ; they draw the mouth down with 
lines that give a melancholy expression 
to the face, such as is represented in 
Fig. 1, while the merry clown and hap- 
py comedian paint a big, wide mouth 
with mirthfully upturned corners of the 
lips. Disposition and traits of charac- 
ter are thus artificially marked because 
they naturally exist and possess a lan- 
guage with well defined meaning. 

The most desirable form of mouth 
is that type which is of medium size, 
with lips gracefully curved, moderately 
full and round, and not too firmly 
closed. Observe this form of mouth in 
the portrait of Dr. Benjamin Rush 
(Fig. 79). This form of lip denotes 
culture and refinement. Gently but 
firmly closed lips indicate self-control, 
self-respect and a sense of reserve and 
dignity of character. Observe Fig. 29. 
The faculty of firmness is represented 
in the leneth and firmlv set form of the 



THE TEETH, CHIN AND CHARACTER. 



93 



upper lip. Observe the marked length 
of the upper lip of Herbert Spencer 
(Fig-. 95), who is noted for his firm- 
ness. Also observe Mr. Bryan's mouth 
(Fig. 64). This physiognomical sign 
gave origin to the old adage, "Keep a 
stiff upper lip." 

The faculty of Firmness is strongly 
portrayed in the firmly set lips of Mr. 
Gladstone (Fig. 29), Bismarck (Fig. 
39), Mr. Carnegie (Fig. 42), J. Pier- 
pont Morgan (Fig. 46), Dr. Strong 



7 m 




.4 : - 


■'''•■■■■' ' ■ i 

,' utz **'A.. 1 



Fig. 108. 
The Melancholy Face 



(Fig. 59), William Jennings Bryan 
(Fig. 64), Darwin (Fig. 73)', and Bill- 
roth (Fig. 74). 

Full, round lips usually indicate af- 
fection, especially so if they are strong- 
ly tinted with red. 

The open mouth is the badge of the 
character it represents; the chatterer 
and babbler who will talk of anything 
or nothing rather than not talk at ah. 
Observe the coarse,- protruding lips of 
Figs. 80, 81. 

Those who possess full, thick, round, 
open lips are governed more by their 
spontaneous emotions than bv prudent. 



deliberate and reflective thought. They 
are often big-hearted and generous. 

Thin lips denote coldness, selfish- 
ness, imperiousness and cruelty. While 
the full, thick lip and large mouth are 
not admirable in many respects, they 
are preferable to the closed, thin lipped 
aperture and square jaw of the hard, 
flinty expression of the miserly man ; 
the thin lipped, dry hearted person, 
who causes one to recoil instinctively 
from the mink eyes, the peering, sharp 
look — a man not to> be trusted with ad- 
vantages that he could use against you 
— he is. avaricious, cruel and selfish. 

Comments upon the significance of 
the drooping corners of the melan- 
choly, pessimistic, grumbling, fault- 
finding and discontented lips, such as 
are represented in Fig. 107, in contrast 
with the uniformly round, upturned, 
cheerful, good-natured mouth, the 
form of which is splendidly represented 
in the mouth of Sol Smith Russell 
(Fig. 68), could not be enlarged upon, 
as their characteristics are familiar to 
every observer of human nature. 



THE TEETH, CHIN AND CHAR- 
ACTER. 



Good, even, white teeth, covered 
with well formed lips, are features of 
great beauty. Discolored, protruding, 
uneven rows of fangs, uncovered by 
wide, open, thick, coarse, protruding 
lips, present a most repelling display of 
the animal man. 

Men can hide an' ugly set of teeth 
and coarse lips with a thick moustache, 
but women have no such veil with 
which to conceal an ugly mouth, and a 
set of uneven, yellow, or brownish- 
looking teeth. 

The teeth require careful attention 
to be either conducive to health or 
beauty. 

Parents are often to blame for not 
looking after their children's teeth. 
The health of children depends great- 
ly upon the care and condition of their 



94 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 



teeth ; and prudent care of the teeth is 
just as important for the adult as the 
child. Some teeth are long, and some- 
times very large; while others are 
short, even and regular. Sometimes a 
grin discloses an even set of pearly, 
white teeth. Some individuals have 
over-lapping* teeth, incisors and canine 
teeth; a knowledge of such character- 
istics as are represented in the teeth is 
most essential to a student of human 
nature. 



Avoid the clutches of those who pos- 
sess projecting" teeth. The underhung 
jaw and projecting teeth indicate a 
self-important and snarling sort of 
person. Teeth that point, or bend, in- 
wards, instead of being straight, or 
projecting, indicate a certain degree of 
shyness and modesty in the individual. 
Exceptions to this rule may be found, 
but they are rare. 

Firmness, stability and tenacity of 
purpose are indicated in the strong, 





Fig. 109. 

Chief James McDonald, Detective Department of the 

Metropolitan Police of Detroit, Mich., Posing 

a criminal for a picture. 



Fig. no. 

Confidence Man and an all round crook, Trying to evade 

the Snapshot of the Photographer 



Projecting teeth are an indication of 
a selfish, grasping nature. I have 
known some persons who possessed 
projecting teeth who were quite liberal- 
minded, but they were not generous, 
or self-denying. They pleased them- 
selves and looked out for number one. 
Projecting teeth denote a quick tem- 
per, and quarrelsome, snappy disposi- 
tion. Observe the manner in which 
they are displayed in the mouth of the 
Gorilla Ape (Fig. 96). 



projecting jaw. The wide, round, full, 
projecting jaw, which is strongly rep- 
resented in the portrait of William Jen- 
nings Bryan (Fig. 64), and the char- 
acteristics of which he has demonstrat- 
ed to be in perfect harmony with \:\s 
strong will and uncompromising con- 
victions. Observe the great contrast 
between his strong, well developed 
chin and the narrow, receding 
and weak chin represented in the por- 
traits — side and front views — of Figs. 



THE EARS. 



95 



80, 81. Observe the small head, weak 
face and coarse mouth. The differ- 
ence between the strength of will pow- 
er and intellectual ability of Mr. Bryan 
and Fig. 80 is just as clearly defined as 
the difference is marked between their 
heads and faces. One represents de- 
cided strength and power of mind and 
body, while the other weakness of 
body and mental development. 

A full, well rounded chin indicates 
a sound heart and a good, steady cir- 
culation. Full, plump and firm cheeks 



portrait of Roscoe Conkling (Fig. 75), 
who was noted for his conceit and van- 
ity, as well as for his great mental 
power and brilliancy, which are splen- 
didly illustrated in that magnificent 
head and face. Observe that strong, 
downward, protruding chin that give 9 
that proud, vain expression to his hand- 
some face. 

A small chin betokens a timid na- 
ture, and small, receding chins are 
never found on truly great and mag- 
nanimous characters. 






Fig. in. 

Murderess, Killed her Husband, 

Wide head, Large Destruc- 

tiveness. Low narrow 

forehead 



Fig. 112. 
Murderess, Killed her Husband, 
Wide head. A Cold Hearted, 
Selfish Mouth 



Fig. 113 

Murderess, poisened her Husband, 

Large Destructiveness and 

a Villainous eye 



indicate good digestion and health. 
Thin cheeks denote an imperfect diges- 
tion and a poor assimilating power. 

A bony, thin chin indicates firmness, 
decision, one who is moderate, steady, 
persevering, and usually temperate in 
his habits; thus pre-supposes a sharp 
temper. 

Flat chins are indicative of coldness 
of temperament, a dry heart, flinty, 
egotistical disposition. If the cheek 
bones are high they are close fisted and 
stingy, and their main object is money 
making; very high cheek bones often 
point to untrustworthy traits of char- 
acter. 

A pointed chin denotes a self-import- 
ant disposition. Sometimes very sel- 
fish and domineering. 

A long chin, projecting more down- 
ward than outward, indicates large 
Self-Esteem; hence a marked distance 
from the crown of the head to the 
point of the chin. 

I have never observed an exception 
to the significance of this development 
of the head and chin, which is splen- 
didlv illustrated in Fig. 1 and in the 



A very large chin with a heavy an- 
gle at the jaw r denotes strong animal 
instincts, and bull-dog grit and pluck. 
A double chin indicates a jovial, good 
natured disposition, with tendencies 
strongly sensual, and fond of good 
meals and generally an easy time. 

The double chin and full cheeks are 
largely the effects of over-indulgence. 

A square chin with a dent under- 
neath on the line of the bone, denotes 
quick decision, firmness and sometimes 
obstinacy, even with a warm tempera- 
ment. 



THE EARS. 



Large ears indicate rather a coarse 
temperament. 

Small ears indicate a more refined 
temperament, but not so affectionate. 

Ears that lie closelv to the head in- 
dicate shyness and sentimentalitv, 
especially so if the ears are rather small. 
Upright ears indicate courage and 
strength. 

Ears that stand out from the head 
indicate crueltv. 



96 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 





Fig. 114. 

This Hand Indicates the Vital Temperament 



Fig 116. 
This Hand Indicates the Mental Temperament 



. ; 




4 ■§ mm. 




\ 




Fig. H5- 
This Hand Indicates the Motive Temperament 



Fig. n7 
This Hand Indicates the Vital. Motive and Mental Temperaments 



GESTURES, HAND SHAKING AND GAIT. 



97 



GESTURES, HAND SHAKING 
AND GAIT. 



The manner in which people gesticu- 
late, shake hands and walk indicates 
their natural tendencies and leading 
characteristics. The style and manner 
in which people dress themselves be- 
token character in its diversified mani- 
festations. 

The manner of walk and general 
bearing exhibits the characteristics to a 
marked degree. In proportion as two 
persons conform to the same gait, just 
to that extent their characteristics and 
dispositions correspond. For example, 
you see a person walking ahead of you 
on the street; his size, height and gen- 
eral personality suggest a familiar 
figure. You hasten your gait and over- 
take him, and to your surprise you dis- 
cover a stranger in place of the expected 
friend. Follow him up and studv him 
and you will be impressed with the fact 
that your mistaken identity was caused 
by their similarity of characteristics and 
general personality. 

Firmness is distinctly manifested in 
the walk. Those who possess a marked 
development of this faculty walk heav- 
ily upon their heels; and if the organs 
of Destructiveness and Combativeness 
are large, they walk rapidly and heavily 
upon their heels. 

Those who possess large Self-Esteem 
walk erect, and if very large throw 
themselves back and carry themselves 
with great and self-important dignity, 
and sometimes with a proud, haughty 
and disdainful air, that demonstrates 
their ruling instinct. 

Those who are cautious and prudent 
walk correspondingly careful and ten- 
der footed ; selecting the streets, roads 
and by-paths of least resistance. Those 
in whom the organs of Combativeness 
and Self-Esteem are large, and Cau- 
tiousness and Secretiveness small, walk 
in a careless, reckless, noisy, boisterous 
manner; can hear them coming before 
you see them. A noisy, boisterous hub- 
bub is music to them, and they can't un- 
derstand why it is not music to every- 
body. 



The public speaker who possesses 
large Combativeness, Firmness, Self- 
Esteem, Language and an active, vola- 
tile temperament, aits the air with 
strongly, accentuated gesticulations, 
and fills it with explosive eloquence. 

The tall, broad-shouldered, bluster- 
ing man, who stands with feet apart, 
vigorously gesticulating with his hand 
or stick, will bluff" you if he 
can by shouting at you if you let him. 
He would prefer a hammer and nails to 
the screw-driver and screws, or a trip- 
hammer to a vise. 




Fig. 118. 
One Hemisphere of the Brain 

Those who possess large Secretive- 
ness and Firmness, walk very lightly 
and make little noise when mioving 
about. It is the characteristic gait of 
the sneak thief, and those who are cun- 
ning, sly and foxy, and look at you 
through the corners of their eyes. The 
American Indian manifests the cau- 
tious, secretive disposition in his walk. 
Those who have a slow, sneaky, noise- 
less gait provoke suspicion, and justly 
so, for their sense of honesty and in- 
tegrity cannot safely be trusted. 

The man who is imbued with small 
or moderate Self-Esteem, and possesses 
large Cautiousness and Benevolence, 
gets out of everybody's way, and if Ap- 
probativeness is large he is kind and 
patronizing in address and manners. 
He is generally the dupe of designing 
people. 

Persons in whom the organs of 
Ideality and Order are strongly de- 
veloped are tasty and neat in their dress 
and personal appearance. 



HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD ( AND FACE. 



THE HAND SHAKE. 

A firm, cordial grip in the hand shake 
indicates strong friendship and affec- 
tion. Those who extend to yon a cold, 
clammy hand, and allow yon to give the 
grip and do the shaking, are cold and 
selfish in the extreme. These outward 
manifestations of the different faculties 
of the mind can he readily traced to 
their origin, which is in the organs of 
the brain, and with careful observation 
and study can be read like a book. 

Those in whom the Vital Tempera- 
ment prevails, usually possess strong 
social tendencies, which are manifested 
in a warm, cordial hand shake. This 
temperament is splendidly illustratted 
in the hand of Fig. 114. 



: 




Fig. 119. 
A very low wide Head, Strong Criminal Tendences 



A person in whom the Motive Tem- 
perament prevails, the type of which is 
given in the hand, and strongly illus- 
trated in Fig. 115, generally gives a 
friendly, cordial grip in shaking hands, 
the sincerity of which can be relied 
upon, especially if the back-head is 
strongly developed. 

The friendly, cordial greeting with 
the hand shake is not so strongly ac- 
centuated in those who possess the 
Mental Temperament as those in whom 
the Motive and Vital Temperaments 
prevail; there are, however, sometimes 
exceptions to the rule, as the faculty of 
Friendship may be strongly developed 
and manifested by those who have this 
type of temperament, which is illus- 
trated in the hand of Fig. 116. 



THE PRACTICAL ADVANTAGES 
OF PHRENOLOGY IN THE 
CULTIVATION AND RE- 
STRAINT OF THE PRO- 
PENSITIES, SENTI- 
MENTS AND INTEL- 
LECTUAL FAC- 
ULTIES. 



What are the advantages of a knowl- 
edge of Phrenology? This question is 
often asked by those who are not ac- 
quainted with the truths and claims of 
the science; the value and importance 
of which can only be measured by a 
correct: knowledge of the facts and 
principles upon which it is founded. 

First in importance is its application 
in the acquisition of self-knowledge, 
self-culture and self -refinement. 




Fig. 120. 
A Disobedient and Wayward Youth 

Second, an application of its princi- 
ples in the education, discipline and cul- 
ture of the juvenile mind. 

Third, a knowledge of which gives 
great aid in the understanding and in 
the treatment of criminals and the 
insane. 

Fourth, the man who understands 
his own natural capabilities, and how 
to develop them to the full limit of their 
power is prepared to enter the arena of 
competitive action and battle down op- 
position, and grasp the opportunities of 
life and attain to a higher degree of 
success and achievement in whatever 
channel of professional, commercial, or 
mechanical industry he may operate, 
than the man who is not equipped with 
a correct knowledge of human nature. 



THE PRACTICAL ADVANTAGES OF PHRENOLOGY. 



99 



The defects that have existed and 
now prevail in our educational institu- 
tions from the common school to the 
university, are traceable directly to the 
imperfect systems employed by the ped- 
agogue, whose knowledge of human 
nature is as imperfect as his system of 
education is deficient. The success of 
a system of education corresponds to 
the extent to which it is founded upon 
the physio-psycholocigal organization 
of man. 

Parents and teachers attempt to edu- 
cate the boy wholly regardless of his 
natural talent, aptitude or fitness for 
the pursuit to which he is best adapted. 
The evolution of the physio-psychol- 
ogy of man determines his talents, and 
the pursuits to which he is best adapted, 
and to which his education should con- 
form to the minutest detail. 

An effort to educate a boy for the 
pulpit, law or medicine whom nature 
designed for a "hewer of wood and 
drawer of water," is a blunder that 
proves fatal to his success. 

The man who follows the pursuit to 
which his strongest talents are most 
perfectly adapted can attain to the full 
measure of his strength of body and 
mind, and enjoy the highest degree of 
happiness possible to his constitution. 
On the other hand, the man who se- 
lects a profession, craft, or business to 
which his strongest talents are not 
adapted will correspondingly fail of 
success to the degree his talents are 
not fitted for his chosen pursuit. 

When a man has devoted a given tal- 
ent to the pursuit to which it is related, 
and surmounted all obstructing obsta- 
cles in his ascension of the ladder of 
success, he can feel certain that he 
adopted and followed the pursuit to 
which his innate talents were best 
adapted. 

A few men are equally strong in all 
the various channels of human indus- 
try, but the majority of men are mis- 
fits professionally and commercially. 
Phrenology points out the strongest 
talents and characteristics in people, 
and the pursuit to which they are best 
fitted, and the course of education and 
training that is required for the 



strongest development of their best 
talents. 

The professions, sciences, and arts 
call for the strongest and most select 
and appropriate talent that human na- 
ture and culture can produce. 

The man who over-reaches his abil- 
ity is a failure; and the one who op- 
erates in a channel not commensurate 
with his talents and capabilities is only 
a partial success. 

The average and under average 
heads are as common as the heads of 
geniuses are rare. 

In the spring of 1901, while visiting 
Ann Arbor, Mich., I met one of the 
law professors, whom I asked what per 
cent, of the students that graduated 
from the law department of the Univer- 
sity made a success in the practice of 
law. His reply was that he thought 
about twenty-five per cent, .would be a 
correct estimate. I then asked him if 
such results were not a great reflection 
upon the law department of the Univer- 
sity, not to be able to send out a larger 
per cent, of successful lawyers. "Not 
at all ; it is the fault of the poor material 
we get out of which to make lawyers," 
was his prompt reply. It is a sad com- 
mentary upon the intelligence of par- 
ents and teachers when they are so de- 
ficient in a knowledge of human nature 
as not to be able to determine the tal- 
ents of their boys, and their adaptation 
to the diversified pursuits open to them, 
that they cannot direct their talents 
and education in the pursuit designed 
by nature for them to follow. If they 
possessed a knowledge of Phrenology 
they could determine the talents and 
pursuits to which they are best adapted 
and so direct the education of the young 
as to put each one in his legitimate 
channel of active usefulness. 

Before the close of the present cen- 
tury the high schools, colleges and uni- 
versities will give Phrenology due 
recognition and its proper place in their 
curriculums, where it will be taught 
and applied as the true science of mind 
in revealing a clear understanding of 
hum/an nature, and the natural history 
of men as they are represented in the 
human head and face. 



CHART FOR MARKING DEVELOPMENTS. 



Delineation of 



Given by Date- 



EXPLANATION, 

The figures following the names of the conditions and organs indicate the grades in which 
they are developed. The standard scale for marking the degrees of development runs from 1 to 7, 
1 very small, 2 small, 3 moderate, 4 average, 5 full, 6 large, 7 very large. When an organ is half 
way between two sizes, as 4 to 5, or 5 to 6 it is marked 4)£, and h%, etc. Those requiring 
cultivation are indicated by the abreviation Cul. , and those requiring restraint by Res. 



Page 


Physical 
Conditions. 


Grades 

of 
Develop- 
ments. 


Culti- 
vate. 


Restrain. 


Marry 
one. 


Remarks. 


13 
14 
19 
18 
16 
17 
17 
19 
16 
17 
18 
22 
21 

20 
22 

14 
14 
15 
15 

90 

87 


CONDITIONS. 












Constitutional Power. 















































Assimilation 

Breathing Power 

Circulatory Power 

Vital Temperament... 
Motive Temperament. 
Mental Temperament. 
Bilious Temperament. 
Sanguine Tempera- 














































































Lymphatic Tempera- 






















Nervous Tempera- 


























































Size of Head ... inches. 

Length of Head 

Width of Head 

Hight of Head 












































































Page 



64 
65 
66 

67 
69 
71 

72 
72 
77 
79 
100 
82 



Conditions. 



Grades 

of 
Develop- 
ments. 



Culti- 
vate. 



Restrain. 



Marry 
one. 



Remarks. 



Phrenological organs. 

1. Amatlveness 

A. Conjugality 

2. Parental Love 

3. Friendship 

4. Inhabltiveness — 

5. Continuity 

B. Vltatlveness 

6. Combativeness ... 

7. Destructiveness . 

8. Alimentiveness .. 

9. Acquisitiveness .. 

10. Secretiveness .... 

11. Cautiousness 

12. Approbativeness . 

13. Self-Esteem 

14. Firmness — , — 

15. Conscientiousness 

16. Hope 

17. Spirituality 

18. Veneration 

19. Benevolence 

20. Constructivcness. . 

21. Ideality 

B, Sublimity 

22. Imitation 

23. Mirthfulness 

24. Individuality .... 

25. Form 



27. Weight 

28. Color 

29. Order 

30. Calculation 

31. Locality 

32. Eventuality .... 

33. Time ., 

34. Tune 

35. Language 

36. Causality 

37. Comparison .... 

C. Human Nature 

D. Agreeableness 






Business and 
Professional 
Adaptations. 


Grade of 
Adaptation. 


Business and 
Professional 
Adaptations. 


Grade of 
Adaptation. 


Remarks. 


ARTISTICAL. 






• 
















Poet 




. 


































































MECHANICAL. 














COMMERCIAL. 
















































































































Miller 










Milliner 










Paper Hanger 














































Fire Insurance 




Shipbuilder 








MANUFACTURER 
OF 
































Salesman 




















'SCIENTIFIC. 
















































Mechanical Engineer. 
















































Naturalist 










Phrenologist 


























LITERARY 












Dentist .'. 










MISCELLANEOUS. 
























Editor 








































Waiter 




























Model Head. 



i Amativeness — Virile power, sexual desire, 
love and affection between man and 
woman. 
A Conjugal Love — Union for life, pairing 
instinct. 

2 Parental Love— Care for offspring. 

3 Friendship — Sociability, union of friends. 

4 Inhabitiveness — Love of home. 

5 Continuity — Application, consecutiveness. 
E Vitativeness — Clinging to life, longevity. 

6 Combativeness — Opposition, courage, de- 

fense, and fighting,. 

7 Destructiveness — Executiveness, push, 

energy and to destroy. 

8 Alimentiveness — Appetite for food, etc. 

9 Acquisitiveness — Frugality, economy, to 

get. 

io Secretiveness — Self-control, policy, reti- 
cence. 

ii Cautiousness — Guardedness, care-taking, 
safety. 

12 Approbativeness — Love of applause. 

13 Self-Esteem — Self-respect, dignity, au- 

thority. 

14 Firmness — Stability, perseverance, stead- 

fastness. 

15 Conscientiousness — Sense of right, jus- 

tice. 

16 Hope — Expectation, anticipation. 

17 Spirituality — Intuition, premonition, faith, 

wonder, superstition. 

18 Veneration — Worship, adoration, defer- 

ence, respect for authority. 

19 Benevolence — Sympathy, kindness, mercy. 



20 Constructiveness — Mechanical ingenuity, 

invention, tools. 

21 Ideality — Taste, love of beauty, poetry 

and art. 
B Sublimity — Love of the grand, vast, mag- 
nificent. 

22 Imitaion — Copying, aptitude for mimicry. 

23 Mirth — Fun, wit, ridicule, facetiousness. 

24 Individuality — Observation, curiosity to 

see. 
25; Form — Memory of shape, looks, persons. 

26 Size — Measurement of quantity or dis- 

tance by the eye. 

27 Weight — Control of motion, balancing, 

28 Color — Discernment, love of colors, hues, 

tints. 

29 Order — Method, system, by rule, arrange- 

ment. 

30 Calculation — Mental arithmetic, mathe- 

matics. 

31 Locality — Memory of place, position, 

travel. 

32 Eventuality — Memory of facts, events, 

historv. 

33 Time — Telling when, time, dates, punc- 

tuality. 

34 Tune — Love of music, sense of harmony. 

35 Language — Expression bv words or signs. 

36 Causality — Planning, thinking, philoso- 

phy. 

37 Comparison — Analysis, inferring, illustra- 

tion. 
C Human Nature — Intuitive perception of 

character and motive. 
D Suavity — Politeness, blandness. 



APR 8 1903 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS £ 



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